产业政策对充电基础设施产业的影响机制与经验证据  

Empirical evidence of the impact of industrial policies on the charging infrastructure industry and their mechanisms

作　　者：赵小磊 李雪梅[1] ZHAO Xiaolei;LI Xuemei(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第7期47-57,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于旅客出行偏好的客运通道内不同客运方式分担率研究”(批准号:51778047);国家自然科学基金青年项目“低碳政策组合促进新能源汽车供应链协同减排的激励机制研究”(批准号:72304086)。

摘　　要：如何有效利用产业政策使新能源汽车产业和充电桩建设协调发展是中国政府面临的政策难题。该研究聚焦异质性产业政策对中国新能源汽车充电基础设施发展的影响,基于2010—2022年中国31个省份的面板数据,运用时变双重差分模型,考察充电桩建设补贴政策、电价优惠政策、土地供给政策及布局规划政策对充电桩保有量的影响及作用机制,并讨论了按功率补贴与按投资总额补贴的效果差异。研究发现:①实施产业激励政策地区与未实施地区相比,充电桩保有量明显更高,边际效应为33.4%。该结果在改变窗口期、双重变换模型与放松平行趋势等多重情景下依然稳健。②在两种补贴方式中,充电功率补贴的效果相比投资额补贴更为显著。③在4类产业政策中,电价优惠和建设补贴政策的效果更为显著。④异质性分析结果显示,在示范推广的地区中,人口密度较低及土地流转价格较低的地区,充电桩建设补贴政策的效果更加明显。此外,补贴政策的效果在短期内优于长期。⑤充电桩建设补贴政策通过提高基础设施投资额、设施建设用地面积及充电技术专利3种作用路径,间接影响充电桩保有量。根据实证结果,建议实行差异化的充电桩建设补贴政策、优化现行的充电功率补贴政策、完善现行的电价优惠政策、提高土地供给和布局规划的精准性、根据不同地区特征制定差异化政策、鼓励技术创新与重视政策执行反馈。How to effectively utilize industrial policies to enable the coordinated development of new energy vehicles and charging stations is a policy challenge faced by the Chinese government.This study focused on the impact of heterogeneous industrial policies on the development of charging infrastructure for new energy vehicles in China.Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2022,this study used a staggered difference-in-differences model to examine the impact and mechanisms of policies such as charging station construction subsidies,preferential tariff policies,land supply,and layout planning on charging station ownership and discussed the effect differences between subsidies by power and those by total investment.The results found that:①Charging station ownership was significantly higher in areas where industrial incentive policies were implemented than in non-implemented areas,with a marginal effect of 33.4%.This result remained robust under multiple scenarios,such as changing the window period,using a change-in-change model,and relaxing the parallel trend.②Among the two types of subsidies,charging power subsidies had a more pronounced effect compared with subsidies based on the amount of investment.③Among the four types of industrial policies,preferential tariff policies and construction subsidies had more pronounced effects.④Heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of the charging station construction subsidy policy was more pronounced in areas with lower population density and lower land transfer prices of the demonstration and promotion areas;in addition,the effects of the subsidy policy were better in the short term than in the long term and were more significant in areas with lower population density and lower land transfer prices.⑤The charging station construction subsidies indirectly affected the number of charging stations by increasing the amount of infrastructure investment,the area of land used for facility construction,and charging technology patents.Based on these em

关 键 词：充电基础设施 充电桩 产业政策 双重差分模型 

分 类 号：F425[经济管理—产业经济] F282