不同氮处理对切花玫瑰生长和光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Treatments on Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Cut Flower Roses

作　　者：梁志奇 高博 彭权权 徐文珍 谭磊 赵婷 胡鑫祖 杨国荣 LIANG Zhiqi;GAO Bo;PENG Quanquan;XU Wenzhen;TAN Lei;ZHAO Ting;HU Xinzu;YANG Guorong(Lanzhou New District Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州新区农业科技开发有限责任公司,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2024年第8期740-746,共7页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家玫瑰鲜切花全产业链标准化示范区(SFQ11-87)。

摘　　要：通过进行不同施氮量对兰州新区切花玫瑰生长发育、产量及光合特性的影响试验,以明确兰州新区切花玫瑰适宜的施氮量。以切花玫瑰洛神为试验材料,设置5个施氮浓度(0、600、900、1200、1500 mg/L),研究了对切花玫瑰生长发育、光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,随着施氮浓度的增加,洛神玫瑰的株高和花梗长呈现上升的趋势;茎粗、叶幅、节间数、花朵横径、花朵纵径、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均呈现先升后降的趋势;胞间CO_(2)浓度呈现先降后升的趋势。相比不施氮对照,不同氮浓度处理的洛神玫瑰各指标上升和下降幅度均有所差异,表明各施氮处理对洛神玫瑰具有明显的浓度效应,且以施氮浓度为900 mg/L时效果最佳,叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、叶绿素a+b(Chl a+b)分别较对照不施氮提高了53.32%、37.98%、45.74%;叶片净光合速率(P_(n))为14.17μmol/(m^(2)·s),较不施氮对照提高了73.47%;气孔导度(G_(s))为0.068 mol/(m^(2)·s),较不施氮对照提高了51.41%;蒸腾速率(T_(r))为183.60 g/(m^(2)·h),较不施氮对照提高了40.49%;叶片的胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))达到最低值,为619μmol/mol,较不施氮对照降低了12.94%;产量最高,为24枝/m^(2),较不施氮对照增产33.33%。由此可见,施氮浓度为900 mg/L时不仅可以显著提高洛神玫瑰产量,改善其品质和性状,还可以促进洛神玫瑰的光合能力,是兰州新区玻璃温室鲜切玫瑰洛神的最佳施氮量。In order to select suitable nitrogen application rate,effects of different nitrogen application rateon growth,yield and photosynthetic characteristics of cut flower rose in Lanzhou New District were studied.Using Roselle rose as experimental material,5 nitrogen application rates(0,600,900,1200,1500 mg/L)were set to determine the effects of different nitrogen concentrations on growth,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cut flower roses.The results showed that the plant height and pedicle length increased with the increase of nitrogen concentration.Stem diameter,leaf width,internode number,flower transverse diameter,flower longitudinal diameter,contents of chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b),chlorophyll a+b(Chl a+b),net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s))and transpiration rate(T_(r))all increased first and then decreased.Intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))decreased first and then increased.Compared with no nitrogen application,the increase and decrease of each index were different under different nitrogen concentration treatment,it showed that nitrogen treatment had obvious concentration effect,and the effect was most obvious under 900 mg/L treatment in whichcontents of chlorophyll a(Chl a),chlorophyll b(Chl b),andchlorophyll a+b(Chl a+b)increased by 53.32%,37.98%,and 45.74%,respectively compared to the non-nitrogen control;the net photosynthetic rate of leaves(P_(n))was 14.17μmol/(m^(2)·s),an increase of 73.47%compared to the non-nitrogen control;stomatal conductance(G_(s))was 0.068 mol/(m^(2)·s),an increase of 51.41%compared to the non-nitrogen control;transpiration rate(T_(r))was 183.60 g/(m^(2)·h),an increase of 40.49%compared to the non-nitrogen control;the intercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(i))of the leaves reached its lowest value at 619μmol/mol,a decrease of 12.94%compared to the non-nitrogen control;the highest yield was 24 stems/m^(2),an increase of 33.33%compared to the non-nitrogen control.Therefore,the application of N at 900 mg/L can significantly improve

关 键 词：切花玫瑰 洛神玫瑰 施氮量 生长 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S685.12[农业科学—观赏园艺]