广东省宝石加工行业矽尘接触水平及防护设施现状  

Current status of silica dust exposure and protective facilities in jewelry processing industry in Guangdong Province

作　　者：徐海娟[1,2] 李小亮 汪天尖[1] 苏世标 陈建武[2,3] XU Haijuan;LI Xiaoliang;WANG Tianjian;SU Shibiao;CHEN Jianwu(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangdong Research Center of Occupational Hygiene,Guangzhou Guangdong,510300,China;Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard of National Health Commission,Beijing,100012,China;China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing,100012,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东省职业健康工程技术研究中心 [2]国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室 [3]中国安全生产科学研究院

出　　处：《职业与健康》2024年第12期1601-1605,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室2022年度开放课题(KLECDH2022030102)。

摘　　要：目的调查广东省宝石加工行业矽尘接触水平及防护设施现状。方法通过“广东省职业卫生质量控制平台”子系统“定期检测信息系统”筛选2020—2023年广东省宝石加工行业中使用原料及产品为珠宝玉石的48家用人单位,共80份检测报告进行调查。结果48家企业分布于全省10个地级市,主要集中于珠江三角洲地区,占前3位依次为深圳市、佛山市、东莞市,有51.3%来自于小型企业,48.8%来自于微型企业。游离二氧化硅含量为10.6%~84.3%,仍有8.8%的企业存在岗位接触水平超过职业接触限值,集中在开料工、切割工、雕刻工和抛光工。已有90%企业采取工程防护,如湿式作业、局部除尘设施等,仍有10.0%企业未设置防护设施。对不同规模企业的矽尘(呼尘)接触水平及采取的工程防护措施进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论广东省宝石加工行业仍需加强矽尘危害的源头控制和监督管理。Objective To investigate the exposure level of silica dust and protective facilities in jewelry processing industry in Guangdong Province.Methods From 2020 to 2023,a total of 80 test reports were collected from 48 employers with jewelry and jade as raw materials and products in the jewelry processing industry in Guangdong Province through the"Guangdong occupational health quality control platform"sub-system"Regular detection information system".Results Totally 48 enterprises were distributed in 10 prefecture-level cities in the province,mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone,and the top three were Shenzhen City,Foshan City and Dongguan City.51.3%came from small businesses and 48.8%from microenterprises.The content of free silicon dioxide was 10.6%-84.3%.There were stil 8.8%of enterprises with the posts exposure level over the occupational limit,which concentrated in the cutting,cutting,engraving and polishing workers.90%of enterprises had adopted engineering protection,such as wet operation and local dust removal facilities,but there were still 10.0%of enterprises have not set up protective facilities.There was not statistically significant difference in the exposure level of silica dust(respirable dust)and the control measures adopted among different scale enterprises(P>0.05).Conclusion The jewelry processing industry in Guangdong Province still need to strengthen the source control and supervision of silica dust hazards.

关 键 词：珠宝宝石 矽尘 接触水平 工程防护 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]