高电压窗口水系可充电电池研究进展  

Research progress on high voltage window aqueous rechargeable batteries

作　　者：王毅 张国臻 于峰 WANG Yi;ZHANG Guozhen;YU Feng(School of Chemistry and Materials Science,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学化学院材料学院,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《新能源科技》2024年第4期1-16,共16页New energy technology

基　　金：江苏省高等学校基础科学研究面上项目(24KJB480012)。

摘　　要：随着多功能电子产品、新能源汽车及大规模电网储能技术的迅速发展,对电化学储能系统的安全性和高效性的要求也在不断提升。水系可充电电池作为一种新兴储能技术,具备出色的安全性、环保性和低成本优势。然而,水分解反应限制了水系电池的电化学稳定电压窗口,从而降低了其能量密度。大量研究表明,提高水系电池的能量密度将显著增加其市场占有率。因此,如何扩大水系电池的电压窗口成为亟须解决的问题。文章首先探讨了水系电解质电化学稳定窗口(Electrochemical Stability Window,ESW)的基本原理及其影响因素。其次阐述了提升水系电池工作电压的策略,包括电极表面设计与修饰、电解质pH值调节、人工界面层构建、高浓度电解质使用以及电解质添加剂应用,并介绍了这些领域的最新进展。最后提出了提高水系电池工作电压窗口的应用潜力及面临的挑战,旨在为高能量密度水系电池的未来发展提供见解。With the rapid development of multifunctional electronic products,electric vehicles,and large-scale grid energy storage technologies,the demands for safety and efficiency in electrochemical energy storage systems are contin-uously increasing.Aqueous rechargeable batteries,as an emerging energy storage technology,offer outstanding safety,environmental friendliness,and low-cost advantages.However,the water decomposition reaction imposes limitations on the electrochemically stable voltage window of the aqueous batteries,thereby diminishing its energy density.Numerous studies have demonstrated that enhancing the energy density of aqueous batteries will substantially augment its market share.Consequently,expanding the voltage window of aqueous batteries has emerged as an urgent quandary to ad-dress.First,this paper explores the basic principles and influencing factors of the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes.Then,it discusses strategies to enhance the operating voltage of aqueous batteries,including e-lectrode surface design and modification,pH adjustment of electrolytes,construction of artificial interface layers,use of high-concentration electrolytes,and application of electrolyte additives,while introducing the latest advancements in these fields.Finally,the paper addresses the potential and challenges of expanding the voltage window and increasing the operating voltage of aqueous batteries,aiming to provide in-depth insights for the future development of high-energy aqueous batteries.

关 键 词：水系电池 高电压窗口 电解液优化 电极材料设计 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]