抑制剂和包膜尿素对河套灌区土壤养分含量和向日葵产量的影响  

Effects of Urease and Nitrification Inhibitor and Coated Urea on Soil Nutrients Content and Sunflower Yield in Hetao Irrigation Area

作　　者：苗运彩 何铁虎 刘德燕 丁维新[1] MIAO Yuncai;HE Tiehu;LIU Deyan;DING Weixin(Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Nanjing 210008)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第23期92-98,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“河套灌区耕地质量提升与农业资源高效利用关键技术研发及应用推广”(NMKJXM202009);江苏省自然科学基金项目“长期不同施肥土壤中纤维素的降解特征及其微生物介导机制研究”(BK20231097);国家自然科学基金项目“旱地农田转变为茶园对土壤氮素转化和N2O排放的影响及微生物介导机制研究”(42007044)。

摘　　要：本研究通过田间小区试验,探讨了不同种类的氮素抑制剂和包膜尿素对河套灌区向日葵产量及土壤肥力的影响。试验设6个处理:不施肥(Control)、常规施氮(NPK)、常规施氮+脲酶抑制剂HQ+硝化抑制剂DCD(HDN)、常规施氮+脲酶抑制剂NBPT+硝化抑制剂DCD(NDN)、50%包膜尿素+50%普通尿素(PCU1)和70%包膜尿素+30%普通尿素(PCU2)。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,抑制剂联用显著增加土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和无机氮含量,增幅分别为2.4%~5.0%、11.6%~12.1%、36.7%~50.0%、12.4%~13.2%和24.0%~56.6%。相反,包膜尿素处理则对土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和无机氮含量无显著影响。抑制剂联用显著增加土壤可溶性有机碳含量7.3%~10.2%,施用包膜尿素对土壤可溶性有机碳无显著影响。抑制剂联用和PCU1处理显著增加向日葵地上部分生物量,以HDN处理最高,增幅达到16.8%,而PCU2处理则无显著影响。与NPK处理相比,PCU1、HDN和NDN处理显著增加了向日葵产量和氮肥利用率,以HDN处理最高。相反,PCU2处理对向日葵产量无显著影响,并降低了氮肥利用率。综上所述,常规施氮与双效氮素抑制剂配合施用是提高河套灌区土壤养分保蓄能力和向日葵产量的重要措施。The effects of urease and nitrification inhibitor,and coated urea on soil nutrients and sunflower yield were evaluated in the Hetao Irrigation Area.An in-situ field experiment was established and six treatments with four replicates were set up,including no fertilization(Control),conventional N application(NPK),NPK plus urease inhibitor HQ and nitrification inhibitor DCD(HDN),NPK plus urease inhibitor NBPT and nitrification inhibitor DCD(NDN),50%urea plus 50%coated urea(PCU1),and 30%urea plus 70%coated urea(PCU2).The results indicated that compared to the NPK treatment,HDN and NDN treatments significantly increased soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK)and inorganic nitrogen(IN)content by 2.4%-5.0%,11.6%-12.1%,36.7%-50.0%,12.4%-13.2%and 24.0%-56.6%,respectively.In contrast,application of partial substitution of urea with coated urea did not affect SOC,TN,AP,AK and IN content.HDN and NDN treatments also increased soil dissolved organic carbon(DOC)content by 7.3%to 10.2%,while the application of coated urea did not have any effects on DOC content.Aboveground biomass(AGB)of sunflower was increased in HDN,NDN and PCU1 treatments when compared to the NPK treatment,in which HDN treatment resulted in the highest AGB.Compared to the NPK treatment,the HDN,NDN and PCU1 treatments significantly increased sunflower yield and nitrogen use efficiency,with the highest increase observed in the HDN treatment.In contrast,PCU2 treatment had no significant effect on sunflower yield and reduced nitrogen use efficiency.The application of conventional urea in combination with urease and nitrification inhibitor is a crucial management practice for enhancing soil nutrient retention capacity and sunflower yield in Hetao Irrigation District.

关 键 词：氮素抑制剂 包膜尿素 土壤养分 向日葵产量 氮肥利用率 河套灌区 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]