芡叶瘤病菌生物学特性及防治药剂筛选  

Leaf Neoplasia Pathogen on Euryale ferox:Biological Characteristics and Fungicide Screening

作　　者：李美霞 王晓飞 陈亚丽 钱新 周长勇[1] 付佑胜[1] 曹凯歌[1] 刘伟中[1] LI Meixia;WANG Xiaofei;CHEN Yali;QIAN Xin;ZHOU Changyong;FU Yousheng;CAO Kaige;LIU Weizhong(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu,Huaian,Jiangsu 223001)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第23期135-142,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：淮安市市级自然科学研究计划“淮安特色水生作物主要病害病原菌分离鉴定及防控技术研究”(HABL202123);江苏省政策引导类计划(苏北科技专项)“芡实优质高产栽培技术集成与示范推广”(SZ-HA2021004);淮安市农业科学研究院科研发展基金“淮安地区主要水生作物病虫害绿色防控技术集成与示范”(HNY202206)。

摘　　要：芡叶瘤病为水生蔬菜芡上的重要病害之一,为明确芡叶瘤病菌保藏的最佳条件并筛选出防控该病害的杀菌剂,采用生长速率法研究温度、pH、碳源及氮源对病原菌菌丝生长的影响,同时室内毒力测定杀菌剂单剂及混剂对病原菌的抑制率并开展单剂对芡叶瘤病防效的田间药效试验。结果表明该病原菌丝最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH 7;最适碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和硝酸铵。室内毒力测定结果表明戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯、丙硫菌唑、苯醚甲环唑、氟环唑、丙环唑、嘧菌酯对供试病原菌的EC_(50)值分别为0.8992、0.6531、0.1650、1.8751、0.9227、2.3432和6.0517 mg/L,其中戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯和丙硫菌唑抑菌活性较强;田间药效试验结果表明,戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯和丙硫菌唑对芡叶瘤病防效分别为94.36%、85.64%和82.56%;室内联合毒力测定试验选择了戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯按照质量比1:1、1:2、1:3、1:4、1:5、5:1、4:1、3:1、2:1组合,5:1配比时有增效作用,SR为1.5029,可在生产上用于芡叶瘤病防控。Leaf neoplasia was one of the important diseases affecting aquatic vegetables such as Euryale ferox.To clarify the optimal conditions for the preservation of the pathogen causing Euryale ferox leaf neoplasia,a method based on the rate of mycelial growth was employed to investigate the effect of the temperature,pH,carbon source and nitrogen source on the growth of the pathogen's mycelial.To screen out fungicides for the control of this disease,laboratory toxicity tests were conducted to determine the inhibitory rate of single and mixed fungicides against the pathogen,followed by field efficacy trails to assess the control effects of single fungicides on Euryale ferox leaf neoplasia.The results indicated that the optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 30℃,and the most favorable pH 7.The preferred carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and ammonium nitrate,respectively.The laboratory toxicity assays revealed that the EC_(50)values for the tested fungicides against the pathogen were 0.8992 mg/L for tebuconazole,0.6531 mg/L for pyraclostrobin,0.1650 mg/L for prothioconazole,1.8751 mg/L for difenoconazole,0.9227 mg/L for epoxiconazol,2.3432 mg/L for propiconazole,and 6.0517 mg/L for azoxystrobin.Among these,tebuconazole,pyraclostrobin and prothioconazole exhibited strong inhibitory activities.The field efficacy trials demonstrated that the control effect of tebuconazole,pyraclostrobin and prothioconazole against Euryale ferox leaf neoplasia were 94.36%,85.64%,and 82.56%,respectively.In door joint toxicities test,tebuconazole and pyraclostrobin were combined in a ratio of 1:1,1:2,1:3,1:4,1:5,5:1,4:1,3:1 and 2:1 by weight.The combination of 5:1 showed synergistic effect,with the synergistic ratio(SR)of 1.5029,indicating that this formulation could be effectively used for the control of Euryale ferox leaf neoplasia in agricultural practices.

关 键 词：芡 叶瘤病 病原菌保藏条件 生物学特性 药剂筛选 生长速率法 毒力测定 田间药效试验 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]