不同类型优质粳稻对氮肥施用效应的研究  

Effect of Different Types of High-quality Japonica Rice on Nitrogen Fertilizer Application

作　　者：陈静 温凯 王君 仇景涛 唐建鹏 CHEN Jing;WEN Kai;WANG Jun;QIU Jingtao;TANG Jianpeng(Hanjiang District Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009;Yangzhou Agricultural Technology Comprehensive Service Center,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225002)

机构地区：[1]扬州市邗江区农作物技术推广中心,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州市农业技术综合服务中心,江苏扬州225002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第24期1-8,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：扬州市现代农业发展专项(2022)。

摘　　要：为探究不同类型优质水稻品种的适宜施氮量,有效解决因片面追求产量、大量施用氮肥而造成的氮肥利用率低、环境污染等问题,以中熟中粳‘南粳5718’、迟熟中粳‘南粳9108’、早熟晚粳‘宁香粳9号’三类水稻品种为试验材料,研究不同施氮量对水稻生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:从生育期及生育进程来看,中熟中粳稻‘南粳5718’对氮肥用量基本无响应,而早熟晚粳稻‘宁香粳9号’对氮素施用较敏感。在一定范围内,水稻产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,‘南粳9108’与‘南粳5718’在施氮量为315 kg/hm^(2)时,产量最高;而‘宁香粳9号’在施氮量为270 kg/hm^(2)时,产量最高。此外,增施氮肥会显著影响‘南粳9108’与‘南粳5718’的加工品质与外观品质,但‘宁香粳9号’的加工品质与外观品质几乎无影响;同时,施氮量的增加还会显著增加蛋白质含量,降低直链淀粉含量与胶稠度,降低稻米的蒸煮食味品质。The aims are to explore the suitable nitrogen application amount for different types of high-quality rice varieties,effectively solve the problems of low nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and environmental pollution caused by one-sided pursuit of yield and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer.In this study,we selected three types of rice varieties of medium ripe medium japonica‘Nanjing 5718’,late ripe medium japonica‘Nanjing 9108’,and early ripe late japonica‘Ningxiangjing 9’as experimental subjects.The effects of different nitrogen application rates on the growth,yield and quality of rice were studied.The results showed that in terms of growth stage and growth process,‘Nanjing 5718’had no response to nitrogen application,while‘Ningxiangjing 9’was more sensitive to nitrogen application.In a certain range,rice yield increased with the increase of N application,and‘Nanjing 9108’and‘Nanjing 5718’had the highest yield when N applicationwas315kg/hm^(2);and‘Ningxiangjing9’had the highest yield when nitrogen application was 270kg/hm^(2).In addition,the processing quality and appearance quality of‘Nanjing 9108’and‘Nanjing 5718’were significantly affected by increased application of nitrogen fertilizer,but those of‘Ningxiangjing 9’were almost not affected.At the same time,the increase of nitrogen application significantly increased the protein content,decreased the amylose content and gum consistency,and decreased the cooking and eating quality of rice.

关 键 词：优质粳稻 氮肥响应 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]