烟区不同类型油菜秸秆腐解及养分释放特性研究  

Different Types of Rape Straw in Tobacco Growing Areas:Decomposition and Nutrient Release Characteristics

作　　者：肖丽霞 张玉琴 刘春菊[3] 谭效磊 凌爱芬[5] 王德权[3] 韩硕 马茹辉 孙延国[1] XIAO Lixia;ZHANG Yuqin;LIU Chunju;TAN Xiaolei;LING Aifen;WANG Dequan;HAN Shuo;MA Ruhui;SUN Yanguo(Institute of Tobacco Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao,Shandong 266101;Weihai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shandong Province,Weihai,Shandong 264200;Shandong Weifang Tobacco Limited Company,Weifang,Shandong 261061;Shandong Linyi Tobacco Limited Company,Linyi,Shandong 276001;Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company,Xichang,Sichuan 615000)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛266101 [2]山东省威海市农业科学院,山东威海264200 [3]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊261061 [4]山东临沂烟草有限公司,山东临沂276001 [5]四川省烟草公司凉山州公司,四川西昌615000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第24期28-35,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程深化现代科研院所改革任务“烟草与粮油作物一年两熟三作复合种植模式构建与应用”(ASTIP-TRIC-ZD05);中国烟草总公司山东省公司科技项目“山东烟草-油菜综合增效种植体系构建与应用”(202208);中国烟草总公司四川省公司科技项目“烟草健康栽培耕作模式研究与应用”(SCYC201909);山东潍坊烟草有限公司科技项目“潍坊烟区优质高效种植体系的构建与应用”(2017-17)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨山东和四川烟区适合与烟草轮作的油菜品种,并分析其秸秆腐解及养分释放特性。通过采用尼龙网袋法,在室内模拟田间条件下对2种类型(白菜型和甘蓝型)的4个冬油菜品种进行培养,观察秸秆的腐解过程和养分释放情况。结果显示,培养前10 d,油菜秸秆快速腐解,各养分也快速释放,养分最终释放率表现为K>N>P>C;腐解进程中,秸秆碳氮比有所波动,但大致呈上升趋势;白菜型油菜秸秆的腐解程度、碳和氮的释放率高于甘蓝型油菜,而钾的释放率低于甘蓝型油菜,磷的释放率表现出地区差异;四川烟区油菜秸秆的腐解程度及碳、氮、磷素的释放率高于山东烟区,钾的释放率高于山东白菜型油菜;油菜秸秆腐解可显著提高供试土壤中有机质、氮、磷和钾素的含量,但不同烟区、不同类型油菜秸秆的增效程度有所差异。从秸秆还田利用的角度来看,2烟区中的白菜型油菜品种更适合与烟草轮作种植。To analyze the decomposition characteristics of different types of rapeseed straw and determine suitable rapeseed varieties for cultivation in Shandong and Sichuan tobacco-growing areas,as well as for rotation planting with tobacco,two different types of four winter rapeseed varieties were selected as materials.The nylon mesh bag method was employed to analyze the decomposition and nutrient release characteristics of rapeseed straw under indoor simulated field conditions.The results showed that in the first 10 days of cultivation,rapeseed straw decomposed rapidly,with nutrients being released rapidly as well.The final nutrient release rate followed the order K>N>P>C.During the decomposition process,the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of straw fluctuated but generally showed an increasing trend.The decomposition degree of Chinese cabbage type rapeseed straw and the release rates of carbon and nitrogen were higher than those of kale-type rapeseed straw,while the potassium release rate was lower than that of kale-type rapeseed straw,and the phosphorus release rate exhibited regional differences.The decomposition degree of rapeseed straw and the release rates of carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in Sichuan tobacco-growing areas were higher than those in Shandong tobacco-growing areas,and the potassium release rate was higher than that of Chinese cabbage-type rapeseed straw in Shandong.The decomposition of rapeseed straw significantly increased the content of organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in the tested soil.However,the degree of enhancement varied among different tobacco-growing areas and types of rapeseed straw.From the perspective of straw return utilization,Chinese cabbage-type rapeseed varieties in both tobacco-growing areas are more suitable for rotation planting with tobacco.

关 键 词：烟区 白菜型油菜 甘蓝型油菜 油菜秸秆 秸秆腐解 腐解特征 养分释放 土壤养分 轮作种植 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]