灌草覆盖——干热河谷区植被修复新路径探析  

Shrub and Grass Covering:A New Path for Vegetation Restoration in Dry-hot Valleys

作　　者：刘振稳 刘倩[3] 肖潇 马仁义 常恩福 孟广涛 张正海 LIU Zhenwen;LIU Qian;XIAO Xiao;MA Renyi;CHANG Enfu;MENG Guangtao;ZHANG Zhenghai(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Gaoligong Mountain,Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming 650201;Gaoligong Mountain,Forest Ecosystem,Observation and Research Station of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650201;Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南省高黎贡山生物多样性重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]云南省林业和草原科学院,高黎贡山森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站,昆明650201 [3]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第24期60-66,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“河谷区脆弱生态系统水土保持功能提升技术”(2022YFF1302400);云南省重点研发计划社会发展专项“基于自然方案的社区可持续发展模式与示范”(202303AC10001203)。

摘　　要：干热河谷集中分布于中国西南横断山脉地区,受地形和局部小气候的影响,形成特殊的水热状况组合,是中国分布最北的一块“热区”。在长期剧烈的人为干扰和严酷的自然环境双重压力下,干热河谷的生态系统极度退化,结构与功能濒临崩溃,严重制约了当地经济社会发展,是中国典型的生态脆弱带、极度退化区和植被修复极端困难地区之一。本文先简要回顾了干热河谷区植被修复的历史,接着系统分析河谷区生态修复工作存在的机遇和挑战,明确提出灌草覆盖技术可能是该区域最为适合的一种生态修复方式。该技术可以克服干旱和高温两大河谷区植被修复的关键限制性因子,并实现保水、固土和增肥的植被修复技术目标。本研究首次提出干热河谷区植被修复3条原则:宜乔则乔、宜灌则灌、宜草则草、宜荒则荒原则;结合生态保护和产业发展实行分区修复原则;优选乡土物种进行植被修复原则。同时,建议从水土保持能力、土壤生态系统健康、植物群落健康和综合效益评价等4个方面来评估河谷区植被修复效果。最后,研究展望了干热河谷区植被修复研究的未来方向,包括加强群落演化规律及其适应性机制的研究,建立和完善动态监测机制,选育和培育乡土物种,以及开发和推广植被修复新技术。The dry-hot valleys are primarily distributed across the Hengduan Mountains in southwest China,where a distinctive combination of water and heat conditions are formed under the influence of unique topography and local microclimate,making it the northernmost“hot spot”in China.Under the dual pressures of long-term intense human disturbance and harsh natural environments,the ecosystems in the dry-hot valleys has become extremely degraded,with structure and function on the verge of collapse,which severely restricts local economic and social development and makes them one of the most typical eco-fragile zones,extremely degraded areas,and the most difficult regions for vegetation restoration in China.This paper first briefly reviewed the history of vegetation restoration in the dry-hot valley region,then systematically analyzed the opportunities and challenges of ecological restoration in the valley area,and clearly proposed that shrub coverage technology may be the most suitable ecological restoration method for this region.This technology could overcome drought and high temperatures,two key limiting factors of vegetation restoration in valley areas,and achieve the technology goals of water conservation,soil fixation,and fertility improvement.In this paper,three principles for vegetation restoration in dry-hot valley areas were put forward for the first time:trees if suitable for trees,shrubs if suitable for shrubs,grasses if suitable for grasses,barren if suitable for barren;implement zonal vegetation restoration combining ecological conservation and industrial development;prefer native species for vegetation restoration.To assess the effects of vegetation restoration,four criteria were proposed:water and soil conservation capacity,soil ecosystem health,plant community health,and comprehensive benefits.Finally,the research on vegetation restoration in the valleys were expected to be carried out in the following four aspects:to strengthen the study on the evolution law of the community and its adaptive mechanism i

关 键 词：干热河谷 水土保持 生态修复 乡土物种 植被演替 土壤健康 灌草覆盖技术 水热状况 动态监测 

分 类 号：S7-0[农业科学—林学]