沟播对中轻度盐碱地小麦土壤养分、叶片荧光动力学参数及产量的影响研究  

Effects of Furrow Sowing on Soil Nutrients,Leaf Fluorescence Kinetic Parameters and Yield of Wheat in Moderate to Mild Saline Alkali Soil

作　　者：薛远赛 彭科研 陈希彦 李秋芹 张艳 邹士国 朱静行 韩伟 XUE Yuansai;PENG Keyan;CHEN Xiyan;LI Qiuqin;ZHANG Yan;ZOU Shiguo;ZHU Jinghang;HAN Wei(Juye Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Juye,Shandong 274900;Shandong Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Jinan 250000)

机构地区：[1]巨野县农业农村局,山东巨野274900 [2]山东省农业技术推广中心,济南250000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第22期1-7,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“寡糖类复合新材料的作用机理及其农业应用”(2019YFE0197100);国家重点研发计划“寡糖类复合新材料在山东典型农作物上的应用试验及示范推广”(2019YFE0197100-3)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨适用于中轻度盐碱地条件的小麦播种方式,以‘青麦6号’为实验品种,比较传统平播(CK)、双行沟播(T_(1))和三行沟播(T_(2))3种种植方法,研究沟播对‘青麦6号’荧光动力学参数及产量的影响。研究结果显示,沟播方式显著提高了同一土层的土壤含水量以及土壤全氮、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾等养分含量;在叶片荧光动力学参数方面,所有处理的小麦旗叶的光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、电子传递效率(ETR)和光化学淬灭系数(qP)均呈现增长趋势,而有效光化学量子产量(Fv'/Fm')则呈下降趋势,其中T_(2)处理的降低幅度最小。籽粒灌浆数学模型表明,T_(2)处理在最大灌浆速率和灌浆持续天数上优于其他处理;在产量构成要素方面,沟播处理的公顷穗数与平播处理差异显著,而穗粒数和千粒重的差异不显著。与CK处理相比,T_(1)处理增产7.53%,T_(2)增产12.06%。综上所述,沟播是一种适合盐碱地小麦种植的方法,尤其是三行沟播(T_(2))是较优的种植模式。The aim of this study is to explore wheat sowing methods suitable for moderate to mild saline alkali soil conditions.Using‘Qingmai 6’as the experimental variety,three planting methods were compared:traditional flat sowing(CK),double row furrow sowing(T_(1)),and three row furrow sowing(T_(2)).The effects of furrow sowing on the fluorescence dynamics parameters and yield of‘Qingmai 6’were studied.The research results showed that the furrow planting method significantly increased the soil moisture content and nutrient content of soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the same soil layer.In terms of leaf fluorescence kinetics parameters,the photochemical efficiency of all treated wheat flag leaves(ΦPSII),electron transfer efficiency(ETR),and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)all showed an increasing trend,while the effective photochemical quantum yield(Fv'/Fm')showed a decreasing trend,with T_(2)treatment showing the smallest decrease.The mathematical model of grain filling indicated that T_(2)treatment was superior to other treatments in terms of maximum filling rate and duration of filling.In terms of yield components,there was a significant difference in the number of panicles per hectare between the furrow sowing treatment and the flat sowing treatment,while there was no significant difference in the number of grains per panicle and thousand grain weight.Compared with CK treatment,the yield of T_(1)treatment increased by 7.53%,and the yield of T_(2)increased by 12.06%.In summary,furrow sowing is a suitable method for planting wheat in saline alkali soil,especially the three row furrow sowing(T_(2))is the optimal planting mode.

关 键 词：盐碱地 种植方式 土壤养分 冬小麦 荧光动力学参数 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]