水氮耦合对渭北温室春茬番茄生长及土壤硝态氮累积的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Spring Tomato Growth and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in Greenhouse of Northern Weihe River Basin

作　　者：孟延 杨海燕 张飞 雷晓莹 赵银平 孙利萍 刘滔 赵增寿 MENG Yan;YANG Haiyan;ZHANG Fei;LEI Xiaoying;ZHAO Yinping;SUN Liping;LIU Tao;ZHAO Zengshou(Weinan Agricultural Science Research Academy,Weinan,Shaanxi 714000;Shaanxi Modern Agriculture Training Center,Xi’an 710000;Pucheng Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Brigade,Pucheng,Shaanxi 715500)

机构地区：[1]渭南市农业科学研究院,陕西渭南714000 [2]陕西省现代农业培训中心,西安710000 [3]蒲城县农业综合执法大队,陕西蒲城715500

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第22期103-109,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟项目“渭南市设施番茄水肥一体化技术研究与示范”(LM20160005)。

摘　　要：为探究陕西渭北地区早春茬设施番茄的适宜施氮量和灌水量,选用‘金棚10号’番茄,以当地设施番茄全生育期常规氮用量450 kg·N/hm^(2)+水用量3000 m^(3)/hm^(2)(C_(1)T_(1))为对照,设置不同的氮肥用量(C_(1)常规、C_(2)减氮20%、C3减氮40%)和灌水梯度(T_(1)常规、T_(2)减水30%)共组成6个处理,通过水肥一体化方式在番茄不同生长期施肥,对比分析番茄产量、品质以及土壤硝态氮的变化。结果表明,所有减氮减水处理和常规处理之间番茄总产量均无显著性差异,但以施氮量为主因素时C3水平的平均产量显著低于常规和C_(2);除蛋白质含量外其余番茄品质指标均未表现出明显差异,隶属函数法显示C_(2)T_(2)处理的番茄品质结果综合排序最优;土壤硝态氮在地下0~200 cm累积量随施氮量的减少而减少,随灌水量的减少而增加,不同处理硝态氮累积量范围在1028.38~1302.80 kg/hm^(2),100 cm以上土层的累积量占0~200 cm总累积量的59.9%~69.5%。从水肥投入与产出效益的平衡来看,C_(1)T_(2)、C_(2)T_(1)与常规处理基本持平,C_(2)T_(2)较常规处理增加效益2050元/hm^(2)。In order to study the suitable nitrogen and irrigation application rate on early-spring facility tomato in northern Weihe river basin of Shaanxi,the experiment used‘Jinpeng No.10’tomato as test plant,taking local usual N fertilizer amount(450 kg·N/hm^(2))and irrigation amount(3000 m^(3)/hm^(2))as the control(C_(1)T_(1)).Six treatments were designed by different nitrogen rates(C_(1)-conventional treatment,C_(2)-reduction 20%,C3-reduction 40%)and irrigation rates(T_(1)-conventional treatment,T_(2)-reduction 30%).Fertilizers were applied by water-fertilizer integration at different tomato growth stages.Tomato yield,quality and soil nitrate nitrogen were recorded and analyzed.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the tomato yield between nitrogen-water reduction treatments and conventional treatment.However,the average yield of C3 level was significantly lower than conventional and C_(2)treatment when N application rate was the main analysis factor.Except for protein content,other tomato quality indexes were no significant differences.The membership function method showed that the quality results ranking of C_(2)T_(2)was the best.Soil nitrate-N accumulation in 0-200 cm underground decreased with the decrease of N application rate,while increased with the decrease of irrigation amount.The total nitrate-N amounts of different treatments ranged from 1028.38 to 1302.80 kg/hm^(2),accumulation of soil layer within 100 cm accounted for 59.9%-69.5%of the total nitrate-N amounts.From the balance of irrigation,fertilizer input and yield output,C_(1)T_(2),C_(2)T_(1)is basically the same as the control,C_(2)T_(2)increases the benefit by 2050 yuan/hm^(2).

关 键 词：日光温室 番茄 减氮 节水 土壤硝态氮 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]