苦瓜枯萎病抗病与感病品种根际土壤的微生物数量消长动态分析  

Analysis on Population Fluctuation of Rhizosphere Microorganism of Resistant and Susceptible Bitter Gourd

作　　者：石博[1] 谢媛媛 关峰[1] 杨雪桐 张景云[1] 王凯 万新建[1] SHI Bo;XIE Yuanyuan;GUAN Feng;YANG Xuetong;ZHANG Jingyun;WANG Kai;WAN Xinjian(Vegetables and Flowers Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Vegetable Molecular Breeding/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crops(Fruits-Vegetables-Tea)Breeding,Nanchang 330200)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/江西省蔬菜分子育种工程研究中心/园艺作物(果蔬茶)育种江西省重点实验室,南昌330200

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2024年第22期118-124,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-23);江西省重点研发计划“苦瓜优质丰产抗枯萎病新品种选育”(20212BBF61003);江西省重点研发计划“瓜类蔬菜优异种质挖掘及高抗枯萎病冬瓜新品种选育”(20212BBF63015);江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目“枯萎病菌胁迫下苦瓜生理响应及基因表达谱分析”(JXSNKYJCRC202313);江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目“苦瓜耐低温种质资源的鉴定及候选基因的筛选”(JXSNKYJCRC202436)。

摘　　要：以28个苦瓜品种为材料,通过苗期人工接种枯萎病鉴定其抗性强弱,结果显示,28个苦瓜品种枯萎病发病程度出现较大差异,共获得高抗材料1份、感病材料11份。苦瓜根际微生物生物数量消长动态差异分析结果表明,土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量与苦瓜抗、感品种枯萎病发生的相关性存在差异,枯萎病的发生与土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量呈极显著正相关。抗病品种土壤微生物数量结构优于感病品种。抗病苦瓜品种根际微生物群落的丰富度和多样性更高,其真菌的Sobs、Shannon和Chao1指数分别高出36.93%、25.89%和38.58%,细菌的Sobs、Shannon和Chao1指数分别高出13.63%、12.91%和26.52%。感病苦瓜品种土壤中的pH、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷和有机质含量在幼苗期均高于抗病苦瓜品种,根际微生物组成受pH、氮素、有效磷等因素的综合影响。In this study,28 varieties of Momordica charantia were used to evaluate the resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momordica by artificial root-soaking inoculation in seedling stage.Results showed that bitter gourd germplasms had considerable difference in Fusarium wilt-resistance,among them,1 high resistance(HR)variety and 11 high susceptibility(HS)varieties were screened out and selected for the further analysis of population fluctuation of rhizosphere microorganism.The results showed that the correlation between the population of Fusarium oxysporum in soil and the occurrence of Fusarium wilt was different,and the incidence of Fusarium wilt was significant positively correlated with the Fusarium oxysporum.The microorganism community structure of resistant variety was better than susceptible variety.The richness and diversity of the resistant varieties rhizosphere soil microbial community,Sobs,Shannon and Chao 1 indexes of fungi were increased by 36.93%,25.89%and 38.58%respectively,and Sobs,Shannon and Chao 1 indexes of bacteria increased by 13.63%,12.91%and 26.52%.The content of nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,ammonium nitrogen,inorganic phosphorus,pH and organic matter of resistant varieties were higher than that of susceptible varieties at seedling stage,the composition of rhizosphere microorganism were affected by pH,nitrogen and available phosphorus.

关 键 词：苦瓜 枯萎病 抗病性 根际微生物 土壤理化性质 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学] S436.429