20世纪70年代世界粮食危机对日本的冲击  

The Impact of the World Food Crisis on Japan in the 1970s

作　　者：徐振伟[1] XU Zhenwei(Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2024年第4期47-58,共12页Japanese Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“我国社会组织参与‘一带一路’的行动意愿、行动能力和制度支持研究”(19BGJ012)。

摘　　要：20世纪60年代末期,世界的粮食过剩局面已近尾声,粮食的供给无法满足日本国民对于粮食的巨大需求。进入70年代初期,随着苏联大举向美国购粮导致美国乃至国际粮食储备下跌,美国开始限制大豆等农产品的出口,引发了全球粮价的高涨,世界粮食危机爆发。与此同时,日本不仅面临国内谷物的歉收,而且渔业的经营情况也开始恶化。总结日本在20世纪70年代发生粮食危机的原因以及之后的应对策略,发现日本的粮食危机主要与苏联对粮食的大量进口、美国对大豆的出口限制政策、极端异常天气、日本人口膨胀与农业劳动力不足的矛盾以及日本消费结构的变化有关。为了应对日本国内的粮食危机,也为了缓解日本民众对此次粮食危机的恐慌情绪,日本政府采取了稳定粮食进出口、培养农业专业人员、稳定渔业经营、推进农村现代化建设等措施。In the late 1960s,the world's food surplus situation was coming to an end and the world's food supply could not meet the huge demand of the Japanese people for food.In the early 1970s,as the Soviet Union purchased grain from the United States on a large scale,the United States and even the international grain reserves fell and the United States began to restrict the export of soybeans and other agricultural products,triggering a rise in global grain prices and the outbreak of the world food crisis.At the same time,Japan was not only facing a poor domestic cereal harvest but the operation of the fishing industry was also beginning to deteriorate.Summarizing the reasons for Japan's food crisis in the 1970s and its subsequent response strategies,it is found that Japan's food crisis is mainly related to the Soviet Union's massive import of food,the United States'export restriction policy on soybeans,extreme abnormal weather,the contradiction between Japan's population expansion and insufficient agricultural labor force,as well as the changes in Japan's consumption structure.In order to cope with the food crisis in Japan and to alleviate the panic of the Japanese people about the food crisis,the Japanese government had taken measures such as stabilizing food imports and exports,cultivating agricultural professionals,stabilizing fishery operations,and promoting rural modernization.

关 键 词：世界粮食危机 日本粮食危机 粮食供给 粮食安全 

分 类 号：F119[经济管理—国际贸易]