《海商法》修改背景下船舶所有权法律适用规则完善研究  

Study on the Improvement of the Rules for the Choice of Law of Ship Ownership Under the Background of the Revision of Maritime Law

作　　者：姜泽慧 于泓伟 JIANG Ze-hui;YU Hong-wei(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《青岛远洋船员职业学院学报》2024年第3期1-6,共6页Journal of Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College

摘　　要：《海商法》第270条规定船舶所有权适用船旗国法。“船旗国法”这一简单的系属公式与复杂的现实情况存在不相适应之处,体现在:合同准据法与船舶所有权准据法不一致时,船舶所有权变动可能违背合同当事人的真实意图;方便旗船情况下可能存在规避适用强制性法律规定之嫌或者无法有效解决争议;船旗变更以及光船租赁情况下船旗国法的指向不明确。为解决上述问题,建议参照《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第37条,在船舶所有权法律适用规则中引入意思自治原则,但仅适用于双方船舶所有权关系;同时,建议对船旗变更和光船租赁情形下船旗国法的指向予以明确。在此基础上,对《海商法(修改送审稿)》第325条提出具体完善建议。Article 270 of Maritime Law provides that the law of the flag State applies to the ownership of ship.The simple formula of“flag State law”is incompatible with the complex reality,which is reflected in the fact that when the law applicable to the contract is inconsistent with the law applicable to the ownership of the ship,the change of ownership of the ship may go against the true intention of the parties to the contract;in the case of a flag of convenience,there may be a suspicion of circumventing the application of mandatory legal provisions or being unable to effectively resolve disputes;the specific flag State law in the case of flag changes and bareboat charters is unclear.In order to solve the above problems,it is suggested to refer to Article 37 of the Law on Choice of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships to introduce the principle of autonomy of will in the rules for the choice of law of ship ownership,but only for the ownership relationship between the two parties.At the same time,it is recommended to clarify the specific flag State law in the case of flag changes and bareboat charters.On this basis,specific suggestions for improving Article 325 of Maritime Law(Revised Draft)are put forward.

关 键 词：船舶所有权 法律适用 船旗国法 意思自治原则 

分 类 号：D996.19[政治法律—经济法学]