农药施用强度对河西地区梨园节肢动物群落的影响  

Effect of pesticide application intensity on arthropod community in pear orchard in Hexi area

作　　者：刘沛林 张大为 周浩辉[1,2] 王森山 陆宴辉 Liu Peilin;Zhang Dawei;Zhou Haohui;Wang Senshan;Lu Yanhui(College of Plant Protection,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/lnstitute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室,北京100193 [3]甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国植保导刊》2024年第7期53-58,共6页China Plant Protection

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程。

摘　　要：为明确河西地区梨园内节肢动物群落结构及农药施用强度对其影响,采用目测法调查了张掖市甘州区2种农药使用强度下6个梨园的梨树冠层节肢动物群落,并分析了主要害虫与天敌的种群动态及生态位特征。结果表明:河西地区梨园梨树冠层节肢动物种类偏少;二斑叶螨为优势害虫,深点食螨瓢虫为优势捕食性天敌,二者生态位重叠值较高,具有明显的跟随效应。与低强度管理园相比,高强度管理园节肢动物群落的多样性显著降低、优势集中度显著增加,二斑叶螨为害盛期的发生数量显著增加。主要由于高强度管理园防治食心虫农药的大量使用降低了梨园节肢动物多样性,引起了叶部害螨的再猖獗。本研究为河西地区梨园主要害虫的科学治理提供了重要依据。This study aimed to clarify the arthropod community structure and the effects of varying pesticide application intensity on this structure in the Hexi area by employing a visual observation method.This method was utilized to investigate the arthropod communities in pear canopies of 6 pear orchards under different pesticide application intensities in the Ganzhou District of Zhangye.The population dynamics and niche characteristics of major pests and natural enemies were further analyzed.The results revealed a limited diversity of arthropods in the pear canopy in the Hexi area.Tetranychus urticae was identified as the dominant pest and Stethorus punctillum was determined to be the dominant predatory natural enemy.The niche overlap value between the two species was high,with an obvious following effect.In comparison to the low-intensity management orchard,the diversity of the arthropod community in the high-intensity management orchard decreased significantly,the dominance index increased significantly,and the occurrence of T.urticae during its peak infestation period increased significantly.Years of chemical pesticide application against fruit-boring pests have resulted in a notable reduction in the diversity of arthropods within the orchard and caused the resurgence of harmful mites.This study offers a valuable foundation for the scientific management of major pests in pear orchards in the Hexi area.

关 键 词：梨园 节肢动物 群落结构 生态位 害虫再猖獗 

分 类 号：S436.612[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]