海事司法标准供给的理论阐释与制度构建——以涉外海事审判对接高标准经贸规则为视角  

Theoretical Explanation and Construction of the Supply of Marit ime Judicial Rules:From the Perspective of Aligning With High-standard Economic and Trade Rules

作　　者：吴锦标 Wu Jinbiao

机构地区：[1]青岛海事法院

出　　处：《中国应用法学》2024年第4期142-154,共13页China Journal of Applied Jurisprudence

摘　　要：在对接高标准经贸规则、实现高水平对外开放的工作中,制度型开放成为核心任务,而服务保障海事领域内的制度型开放成为我国涉外海事审判工作的职责使命。本文立足制度型开放对我国涉外海事审判工作的新要求,在检视现阶段我国涉外海事审判实践、分析掣肘其对接高标准经贸规则因素的基础上,提出海事司法标准供给制度。该制度依托国际习惯的国际法渊源理论、习惯的经验主义归纳需求以及司法裁判的公共产品属性,通过从“司法案例到裁判规则、合同规则、商业实践、商事习惯”的四重优势转化,在实现国内规则国际化和提升我国制度性话语权的同时,为我国引领国际规则制定和国内企业参与国际竞争提供指引。在具体制度构建方面,需配套以司法裁判规则为支撑、国际海事规则为补充、例证解读为保障、市场经济规则为基础的四层规则体系;同时结合客观实际,对形成的规则可择以“推荐级、指导级、参考级”的形式分级推广。In the aligning with high-standard economic and trade rules and promoting high-level opening up,system-based opening up has become the core task.To ensure the system-based opening up in the field of maritime affairs has become China's responsibilities in foreign-related maritime trial.Based on the new requirements of the system-based opening up,after analyzing the factors that hinder its aligning with high-standard economic and trade rules in the review of the current stage of China's foreign-related maritime trial practice,this paper puts forward the system of supply of maritime judicial rules.Relying on the theory of sources of international law of international custom,the empirical induction needs of custom and the public product attribute of judicial judgment,the system,through the transformation of four advantages from judicial cases to adjudication rules,contract rules,commercial practices and commercial custom,the internationalization of the domestic rules can be realized and a greater voice of our country in law-making can be enhanced.It also provides guidance for China to take the lead in rule-making and for domestic enterprises to participate in international competition.Specifically,it is necessary to be supported by judicial rules,international maritime rules,example interpretation and market economy rules.At the same time,in view of the reality,rules can be promoted in the form of"recommendation level,guidance level or reference level".

关 键 词：海事司法 司法标准供给 高标准经贸规则 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学] D926.23[政治法律—国际法学]