预防性工间休策略应对铁路运输岗位疲劳作业的研究  

Study on preventive break strategies to cope with fatigue operation of railway transport post

作　　者：王健[1,2] 邢科家 王玺 WANG Jian;XING Kejia;WANG Xi(China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Signal and Communication Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司通信信号研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第8期3119-3130,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52172323)。

摘　　要：为了减少铁路行车指挥岗位的疲劳作业时间,降低由人员疲劳引发运输生产事故的风险,在分析岗位疲劳原理的基础上,研究预防岗位疲劳作业的工间休策略。以“应对性工间休策略”为参照,提出一种“预防性工间休策略”,用随机过程描述岗位人员的疲劳发展,以有值班干部替班的2岗位作业系统为对象构建马尔科夫模型。在阐述工间休策略的基础上对模型进行设计,并说明模型的工作原理及计算方法。以作业系统稳态和瞬态下的疲劳作业概率(P_(fo))、值班干部替班概率(P_(dcs))为评价指标,通过计算指出“预防性工间休策略”的优缺点并对策略进行调整,对比分析“应对性工间休策略”“预防性工间休策略”和“调整的预防性工间休策略”应对岗位人员疲劳作业的效果。研究结果表明:相对“应对性工间休策略”,“预防性工间休策略”可显著降低岗位人员的疲劳作业概率,P_(fo)降低的同时P_(dcs)升高。“调整的预防性工间休策略”的P_(fo)优于“应对性工间休策略”,且收敛速度优于“预防性工间休策略”。提出的“预防性工间休策略”适用于优先考虑最大程度减少疲劳作业时间的情况,“调整的预防性工间休策略”适用于优先考虑替班成本的情况,可根据考量因素选择不同策略,为应对铁路运输岗位疲劳作业提供参考。In order to reduce the fatigue operation time of train dispatcher and the risk of transport accidents caused by dispatcher fatigue,this study investigates work break strategies that can prevent fatigue operation based on analyzing the principles of dispatcher fatigue.A‘preventive break strategy’is proposed in comparison with the‘reactive break strategy’.Taking a 2-post operation system with substitute by on duty cadres as an object,a Markov model is constructed,which uses a random process to describe the development of post fatigue.On the basis of explaining the break strategy,the model is designed and the working principle and calculation method of the model are explained.The probability of fatigue operation(Pfo)and the probability of on duty cadres substitute(Pdcs)under steady state and transient state of the operating system are used as evaluation indicators,the advantages and disadvantages of the‘preventive break strategy’are pointed out,and the strategy is adjusted.The effectiveness of the‘reactive break strategy’,‘preventive break strategy’and‘adjusted preventive break strategy’in coping with fatigue operation of post are compared and analyzed.The results show that comparing with the‘reactive break strategy’,the‘preventive break strategy’significantly reduce the fatigue operation probability of the post,and Pdcs increases while Pfo decreases.The Pfo of the‘adjusted preventive break strategy’is superior than the‘reactive break strategy’,and the convergence speed is better than the‘preventive break strategy’.The‘preventive break strategy’proposed is applicable when the priority is to minimize fatigue operation time to the maximum extent,the‘adjusted preventive break strategy’is applicable when the priority is to consider the cost of substitute of strategy,different strategies can be adopted based on considerations to provide reference for coping with fatigue operation at railway transport post.

关 键 词：铁路安全 运输岗位 疲劳作业 替班 马尔科夫链 

分 类 号：U298.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]