有机肥施用改良盐碱地及其作用机理  

Amelioration of saline-alkaline land and its mechanism by organic fertilizer

作　　者：刘俊青 刘淼[1,3] 梁正伟 LIU Junqing;LIU Miao;LIANG Zhengwei(State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station,Da'an 131317,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土地保护与利用全国重点实验室,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]吉林大安农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,吉林大安131317

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2024年第3期340-347,共8页Soils and Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500502);吉林省盐碱地高效治理与综合利用科技创新重大专项(20240203002NC);黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项(XDA28110101);吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高新技术产业化专项(2023SYHZ0045);国家自然科学基金项目(42377040).

摘　　要：盐碱地是我国重要的耕地后备资源。有机肥来源丰富,在盐碱地改良中具有广泛前景。本文综合分析了有机肥对盐碱土壤理化性质、养分、土壤微生物和酶活性等方面进展。有机肥施用改良盐碱地的主要作用机理为:(1)改善土壤结构,增加大粒径土壤团聚体,提高土壤孔隙度与透水性,降低土壤中盐碱含量;(2)提高营养元素和有机质含量,增加土壤养分;(3)优化土壤微生物群落结构,促进微生物产生有机酸,增强土壤酶活性等。未来研究中,要强化盐碱地专用功能型有机肥研发,筛选不同地域不同类型轻中重度盐碱地的适宜有机肥施用量,为盐碱地改造利用提供技术支撑。Saline-alkaline land is an important reserve resource of cultivated land.Organic fertilizer has abundant sources and broad prospects in saline-alkaline land improvement.This article comprehensively analyzes the progress of organic fertilizer in improving the physical and chemical properties,nutrients,soil microorganisms,and enzyme activity of saline-alkaline soil.The main mechanisms of organic fertilizer application in ameliorating saline-alkaline soil are:(1)Improving soil structure,increasing large particle soil aggregates,increasing soil porosity and permeability,reducing soil salinity;(2)Increasing the content of nutrients and organic matter,improving soil nutrients;(3)Optimizing the structure of soil microbial community,promoting the production of organic acids by microorganisms,and enhancing soil enzyme activity.It is recommended to strengthen the research and development of specialized functional organic fertilizers for saline-alkaline land,screen the suitable organic fertilizer application rates for light,medium,and severe saline-alkaline land in different regions,which would provide technical support for the improvement and utilization of saline-alkaline land.

关 键 词：盐碱地 有机肥 作用机理 团聚体 有机质 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]