高温胁迫对真海鞘滤水、耗氧率和排氨率的影响  

Effect of Temperature on Filtration,Oxygen Consumption and Ammonia Excretion Rates of Sea Squirt Halocynthia roretzi

作　　者：卢龙飞 刘力源 王振华 毕炜家 姜景腾 肖露阳 LU Longfei;LIU Liyuan;WANG Zhenhua;BI Weijia;JIANG Jingteng;XIAO Luyang(Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co.Ltd.,Rongcheng 264200,China;Xunshan Group Co.Ltd.,Rongcheng 264200,China;Weihai Ocean Development Research Institute,Rongcheng 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司,山东荣成264316 [2]寻山集团有限公司,山东荣成264316 [3]威海市海洋发展研究院,山东荣成264200

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2024年第4期56-63,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”项目(2018YFD0900703);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2021QC220).

摘　　要：将在12℃条件下暂养的一、二和三龄体质量为(23.95±9.83)g、(68.95±23.84)g和(117.99±38.42)g的真海鞘(Halocynthia roretzi)分别驯化到16℃、20℃、24℃和28℃,升温幅度为1℃·h^(-1),饲养2 d后测定滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率,统计存活率。12℃为对照组。从各组中随机取6只真海鞘移入装有1 L海水的烧杯中,添加至终浓度为104 cells·mL^(-1)的三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum),保持通气,每隔30~60 min采集水样测定滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率,研究高温对真海鞘滤水率、耗氧率和排氨率的影响,并分析耗氧率/排氨率比值(O/N)。结果表明,滤水率、耗氧率、排氨率和O/N的变化范围分别为1.33~5.51 mL·g^(-1)·h^(-1)、5.32~29.24μg·g^(-1)·h^(-1)、0.04~0.41μg·g^(-1)·h^(-1)和62.50~122.93。随温度升高,真海鞘的滤水率呈倒钟形变化,25.64℃时达最大值,耗氧率和排氨率持续升高,O/N显著下降;在20℃后呈现变缓或略有提升的趋势,表明真海鞘在20~24℃极可能存在代谢的转变点。真海鞘滤水率(FR)、耗氧率(R_(O))、排氨率(R_(N))和O/N(R_(O/N))与温度(t)拟合的相关方程分别为:FR=-0.0139t^(2)+0.7128t-4.7728,r^(2)=0.5401;R_(O)=1.0492t-6.2423,r^(2)=0.8268;R_(N)=0.0169t-0.1703,r^(2)=0.8574;R_(O/N)=-69.2940ln(t)+292.9675,r^(2)=0.8900。综上所述,合理养殖真海鞘的温度上限应在24℃左右。One-,two-and three-year-old sea squirt(Halocynthia roretzi)with body weight of(23.95±9.83)g,(68.95±23.84)g and(117.99±38.42)g were domesticated to 16℃,20℃,24℃and 28℃at temperature rising rate of 1℃·h^(-1),and the water filtration rate,oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate were determined 2 days later,and the survival rate was calculated.The 12℃group was used as control group.Six sea squirt were randomly taken from each group and transferred into a beaker containing 1 L of seawater,fed microalga with a final concentration of 104 cells·mL^(-1)with aeration,and water filtration,oxygen consumption rate,ammonia excretion rate and oxygen consumption rate/ammonia excretion ratio(O/N)were determined every 30-60 min to evaluate effect of temperature on filtration,oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates of the sea squirt.The results showed that the water filtration rate,oxygen consumption rate,ammonia excretion rate and O/N value were ranged from 1.33 mL·g^(-1)·h^(-1)to 5.51 mL·g^(-1)·h^(-1),5.32μg·g-1·h-1 to 29.24μg·g-1·h^(-1),0.04μg·g^(-1)·h^(-1)to 0.41μg·g^(-1)·h^(-1)and 62.50 to 122.93,respectively.With the temperature increasing from 12℃to 24℃,the water filtration rate of the sea squirt was changed into inverted bell shape,with the maximum value at 25.64℃.Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rate were both shown to be increased with rising temperature within 12℃to 28℃.O/N values decreased significantly with the temperature raising,but fluctuated slightly after 20℃,indicating that the turn point for metabolic process was around 20℃to 24℃.The relationship between temperature(t)and feeding rates(FR),oxygen consumption rates(R_(O)),ammonia excretion rates(R_(N)),O/N values(R_(O/N))was described as FR=-0.0139t^(2)+0.7128t^(2)-4.7728(r^(2)=0.5401),R_(O)=1.0492-6.2423(r^(2)=0.8268),R_(N)=0.0169t-0.1703(r^(2)=0.8574)and R_(O/N)=-69.2940 ln(t)+292.9675(r^(2)=0.8900),respectively.In summary,the upper temperature limit of reasonable cultivation of the sea s

关 键 词：真海鞘 温度 滤水率 耗氧率 排氨率 O/N 

分 类 号：S966[农业科学—水产养殖]