清末民初新疆食盐产区的地理分布与运销研究  

Study on the Geographical Distribution and Transportation Sales of Salt in Xinjiang during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

作　　者：刘超建 LIU Chaojian(School of History and Tourism,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,Guangxi 541001)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,广西桂林541001

出　　处：《昌吉学院学报》2024年第4期52-57,共6页Journal of Changji University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“近代西北地区乡村社会治理研究——以乌鲁木齐地区为中心”(23FZSB066);四川省教育厅盐文化研究项目“清代民国新疆盐业与区域文化关系研究”(YWHZ16—02)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：新疆独特的地理环境,为湖盐、石盐、滩盐的形成提供了必要的自然条件,使新疆成为历史上重要的产盐区之一。新疆食盐资料少且零散,但经过详细梳理,基本上可总结出产盐区的地理分布与变迁规律:产盐区从无到有,从有到多;南疆多滩盐,北疆多湖盐。就产盐区数量来说,南疆远多于东疆与北疆;而北疆食盐质量却远好于南疆与东疆。近代以来,新疆协饷断绝、新政繁兴、财政捉襟见肘等各因素迫使新疆的盐业所有权与经营权发生了重大变革。表现为由传统的私有、自采自食向官督商办再到官租官办的转变。新疆盐业亦由有盐无法逐渐向有盐有法进行改革,最终纳入了国家统一的盐政体系,一定程度上缓解了清末民初新疆的财政困难。这些措施对改变新疆产盐区的地理分布及盐业运销产生了重要影响,南疆产盐区虽多,但北疆食盐运销、盐税征收在全疆占有主要地位,极大地促进了新疆盐业发展。Xinjiang’s unique geographical location provides the necessary natural conditions for the formation of lake salt,rock salt,and Gobi beach salt,making Xinjiang one of China’s important salt producing areas.Although the historical materials of Xinjiang salt is scarce and scattered,after detailed sort out,the geographical distribution and change law of salt can basically be summarized.Salt-producing areas kept growing;Gobi salt in south Tianshan,lake salt in north Tianshan.The population of Xinjiang during the Qing Dynasty continued to increase,and development intensity was increasing.Since 1840,a comprehensive crisis has occurred in China’s borderland.New Deal at the end of Qing Dynasty had caused,and so on resulting in Xinjiang’s financial difficulties.Various factors forced the ownership and management right of Xinjiang’s salt-producing areas major reforms took place.From private ownership to state ownership.Xinjiang’s salt industry also gradually changed from salt-free to salt law,and incorporated into the national unified salt law system in the end.This has alleviated the financial difficulties of Xinjiang to some extent.At the same time,these measures have had an important impact on the geographical distribution of Xinjiang’s salt-producing areas and transportation sales,which have greatly promoted the development of Xinjiang’s salt industry in modern times.

关 键 词：晚清民国 新疆食盐 地理分布 食盐运销 

分 类 号：F426.82[经济管理—产业经济] K249[历史地理—历史学]