个人行踪信息的法律保护困境及优化路径  

The legal protection dilemma and path optimization ofpersonal whereabouts information

作　　者：阮利 RUAN Li(School of Law,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学法学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2024年第8期146-160,共15页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划青年项目“个人信息保护民事公益诉讼惩罚性赔偿研究”(23DFXJ02)。

摘　　要：个人行踪信息作为一种重要的信息类型,同时蕴含着人格尊严与自由价值、商业价值和公共管理价值,我国已将其纳入敏感个人信息的范畴予以特别保护。然而,我国现行法律对个人行踪信息内涵缺乏明确界定,在个人行踪信息保护领域普遍存在告知同意原则适用乏力、监管部门监管效果不佳、侵权救济机制不健全等问题,严重影响信息主体个人信息权益的保障。通过对既有理论和实践经验进行研究,总结出个人行踪信息具有直接识别性、时间关联性、现实物理空间性、排除技术限制等要素特征,进而为个人行踪信息的法律内涵界定提供参考依据。应在借鉴域外经验的基础上,优化个人行踪信息的事前、事中和事后保护路径。可通过完善个人行踪信息事前风险防范机制、优化个人行踪信息监督治理机制,以及构建多元化的个人行踪信息纠纷解决机制,实现个人行踪信息保护与数据产业发展之间的必要平衡。As an important type of information,personal whereabouts information embodies the values of personal dignity and freedom,commercial value,and public management value.In China,it has been categorized as sensitive personal information and granted special protection.However,current laws in China lack a clear definition of the connotation of personal whereabouts information.Issues such as the weak application of the informed consent principle,ineffective supervision by regulatory authorities,and inadequate infringement relief mechanisms are common in the field of personal whereabouts information protection,seriously affecting the safeguarding of the personal information rights of information subjects.Through the study of existing theories and practical experiences,it can be concluded that personal whereabouts information possesses characteristics such as direct identifiability,temporal correlation,physical spatiality,and exclusion of technological limitations,which provides reference for defining its legal connotation.Based on the experience of other countries,this paper points out that it is necessary to optimize the pre-event,in-event,and post-event protection paths for personal whereabouts information.This can be achieved by activating the role of pre-event risk prevention mechanisms for personal whereabouts information,optimizing the supervision and governance mechanisms for personal whereabouts information,and establishing diversified dispute resolution mechanisms for personal whereabouts information disputes.In this way,a necessary balance between the protection of personal whereabouts information and the development of the data industry can be achieved.

关 键 词：个人行踪信息 个人信息保护 告知同意原则 个人信息监管 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D923[政治法律—法学]