农机作业服务提高了粮食单产吗?——来自139个县农机购置补贴十年的历史证据  

Does Agricultural Machinery Service Improve the Per Unit Area Yield of Grain?:Historical Evidence from 139 Counties on Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidies for Ten Years

作　　者：钟真[1] 周佐源 李欣 ZHONG Zhen;ZHOU Zuoyuan;LI Xin(School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100087

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期33-44,共12页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University:SOC.SCI.

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目“北京市新型农村集体经济发展路径与运行机制研究”(23JJA003);农业农村部软科学项目“新型农村集体经济发展的实践探索及前景展望研究”(RKX2024020)。

摘　　要：农业社会化服务是否能促进农业生产率,是推进中国式农业现代化需要回答的重要问题。以粮食生产中的农机作业服务为例,利用全国139个县域在实施农机购置补贴政策后十年间的面板数据,对农机作业服务水平与粮食单产之间的关系进行实证检验。结果发现,在控制了土地、劳动力、资本等投入要素之后,农机作业服务水平对粮食单产具有显著的促进作用,并且该作用在粮食主产区更为凸显;农业机械购置补贴政策使农机作业服务对粮食单产的影响出现阶段性差异,即在政策实施初期“购机”有效促进了“用机”,农机作业服务的粮食增产效应较为明显,而后期着力于“购机”的政策无法保障持续发挥农机作业服务的粮食增产作用。因此,需通过设立农机作业补贴等形式持续有效地发挥农机作业服务的粮食增产效应。Whether socialized agricultural service can promote the agricultural productivity is an important issue that needs to be answered in the agricultural structural reform at the supply side.This paper takes the agricultural machinery service in grain production as an example,and uses the panel data of 139 counties across the country in 2004-2013 to empirically test the relationship between agricultural machinery service level and grain productivity.The results show that after controlling input factors such as land,labor,and capital,the level of agricultural machinery service has a significant role in promoting grain productivity,and this effect is more prominent in the major grain production areas.In addition,the subsidy policy for agricultural machine purchase has caused a phased difference in the impact of agricultural machinery service on grain productivity.To be specific,during the initial stage of policy implementation,the “purchase” effectively promoted the “use” of the machine,and the effect of agricultural machinery services on grain productivity was more obvious;however,the subsidy policy mainly for agricultural machine purchase could not guarantee the continuous promoting effect of agricultural machinery services on grain productivity.Therefore,it is necessary to take other measures such as providing subsidies for agricultural machinery operations,so as to bring into play the promoting effect continuously.

关 键 词：社会化服务 农机作业服务 粮食单产 农机购置补贴政策 

分 类 号：F323.3[经济管理—产业经济]