粤港澳大湾区数字人民币跨境支付的制度障碍及对策  

The Institutional Barriers and Countermeasures for Cross-Border Payment of Digital RMB in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：李莉莎[1] 李碧玉 LI Lisha;LI Biyu

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学法治与经济发展研究所,广东广州510320

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第5期45-56,共12页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划共建项目“数字人民币背景下金融法律制度的因应研究”(GD23XFX05);广东财经大学民商法学创新团队项目(2021WCXTD016)。

摘　　要：数字人民币是数字经济发展的产物,其作为人民币的数字化形式,被定位于现金类支付凭证(M0),可以实现“点对点”支付、“支付即结算”和“可控匿名”,在跨境支付中享有独特的技术优势。粤港澳大湾区基于其优越的地理位置、发达的金融业及政策优势,具有深厚的经济基础、跨境金融合作基础和跨境支付实践基础,是发展数字人民币跨境支付的理想试验场,但目前尚存在一系列障碍,比如数字人民币的基本法律规范还未完善、粤港澳三地跨境支付体系存在矛盾、区域流通协调机制尚未健全等。数字人民币是我国信用货币,须从货币理论出发,厘清其跨境支付的制度逻辑,以数字法治为导向、立足于大湾区实际,为实现安全与效率的平衡,在法治层面上破解制度障碍。首先,明确数字人民币的主权货币地位及域外效力,确立其结算最终性原则,为数字人民币跨境支付提供合法性基础。其次,推进大湾区在数字人民币跨境支付领域的立法统一,促进大湾区支付机制的协调互通。最后,逐步建立大湾区数字人民币跨境支付平台,完善数字人民币跨境支付的基础设施;并在此基础上,接入多边央行数字货币桥,加强国际合作,参与跨境支付标准和规则的统一制定,确立无损、合规、互通的原则,进而构建相应的流通规则体系。Digital RMB is a product of the development of digital economy.As a digital form of RMB,it is positioned as a cash payment certificate(M0),which can realize“point-to-point”payment,“payment upon settlement”and“controllable anonymity”.It possesses unique technical advantages in cross-border payment.The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,based on its superior geographical location,developed financial industry and policy advantages,has a profound economic foundation,cross-border financial cooperation foundation and cross-border payment practice foundation.It is an ideal testing ground to develop cross-border payment of digital RMB,but still has a series of obstacles.For instance,the basic legal norms of digital RMB are incomplete;contradictions exist within the cross-border payment systems among Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao;and regional circulation coordination mechanism remain underdeveloped.Digital RMB is a credit currency in China,we must clarify the institutional logic of cross-border payment from the perspective of monetary theory.Therefore,it is necessary to be digital-oriented and based on the reality of the Greater Bay Area,in order to achieve a balance between safety and efficiency,and break the institutional barriers from the level of the rule of law.First,clarify the sovereign currency status and extraterritorial effect of digital RMB,establish the principle of finality of settlement.Second,promote the legislative unification for cross-border payment of digital RMB,and facilitate coordination and interconnection among payment mechanisms in the Greater Bay Area.Finally,gradually establish a digital RMB cross-border payment platform in the Greater Bay Area,and improve the infrastructure for digital RMB cross-border payment.On this basis,connect to the multilateral central bank digital currency bridge,strengthen international cooperation,participate in the formulation of cross-border payment standards and rules,establish the principles of non-destructive,compliance and interoperability,an

关 键 词：粤港澳大湾区 数字人民币 跨境支付 结算最终性 人民币国际化 

分 类 号：D912.28[政治法律—民商法学]