国家与村社之间:农民村治参与的信任基础  

Between the State and the Village Community:The Basis of Trust in Farmers’Participation in Village Governance

作　　者：湛礼珠 ZHAN Lizhu

机构地区：[1]民政部政策研究中心,北京100721

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第5期103-114,共12页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目“信息时代青年参与乡村治理制度建设调研”。

摘　　要：居于国家和村社之间,农民参与村治需要深厚的信任基础。在一个“发展水平—社会关系—行为模式”的多元命题系统中,农民资源获取程度决定其信任给予选择,并进一步影响到个体行动。就此而言,传统时期社会低生产力水平下,农民基于互惠伦理生成人格主义信任,由此形塑了一种代理型村治参与模式。集体化运动开启后,国家基于工业化建设需要,依托深入家户的党政机构主导了农村基层社会治理的方方面面,其间“挤压”关系的存续使得农民村治参与呈现出显著的“退却主义”特征。市场化改革扭转了村社代理和国家控制下小农家庭的“过密化”趋势,以“半工半耕”和制度赋能为抓手,农民独立人格的塑造强化了其个体性村治参与倾向。要实现农民个体性村治参与到农民主体性参与的跃升,需要增进“发展型小农”利益协同、自治激发基层民众治理效能,并以利益和效能粘合农民集体行动。Between the state and the village community,there is a deep foundation of trust in farmers’participation in village governance.In a multi-proposition system of“development level-social relationsbehavior patterns”,farmers’access to resources determines their trust giving and further influences individual actions.Under the low productivity level of traditional societies,farmers generated personalistic trust based on reciprocal ethics,thus shaping an agentic model of participation in village governance.After the beginning of the collectivization movement,the state,based on the need for industrialization,achieved full control over the peasants by relying on the party and government institutions that penetrated into the households.During this process,the survival of the“squeeze”relationship between them has led to a significant“retreatist”character of farmers’participation in village governance.Market-oriented reforms have reversed the tendency of“over-density”of smallholder families under the village represent and the state control.With“half-work and half-farming”and institutional empowerment,the independent personality of farmers has been shaped to strengthen their individual participation in village governance.Further,to realize the leap from individual participation in village governance to farmer subjects,it is necessary to enhance the synergy of interests of“development-oriented small farmers”,stimulate the effectiveness of grassroots people’s governance,and improve farmers’collective action capacity by using interests and effectiveness as clues.

关 键 词：村社代理 国家控制 村治参与 信任 农民 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]