抑制剂和水分对铵态氮肥在喀斯特地区土壤中迁移规律的影响  

Effects of Inhibitors and Water Content on Migration of Ammonium Nitrogen of Soil in Karst Areas

作　　者：王小翠 张嘉佳 蔡秋亮 WANG Xiao-cui;ZHANG Jia-jia;CAI Qiu-liang(College of Agriculture and Food Engineering,Baise University/Industrial College of Subtropical Characteristic Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Mango,Baise 533000,China)

机构地区：[1]百色学院农业与食品工程学院/亚热带特色农业产业学院/广西芒果生物学重点实验室,广西百色533000

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2024年第7期33-41,共9页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：广西大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310609037)。

摘　　要：通过室内土柱培养试验,研究脲酶抑制剂(NBPT)和硝化抑制剂(DMPP)在不同土壤含水量条件下对碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵、氯化铵和尿素4种氮肥在喀斯特地区土壤中迁移及转化的影响。结果表明:相比于单施铵态氮肥,配施抑制剂对各类铵态氮肥在喀斯特地区土壤中的迁移均具有明显影响,且土壤含水量会影响氮素的迁移距离;碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵和氯化铵配施DMPP在土壤含水量为30%条件下的氮素转化率最高,分别为16.42%、37.98%、40.41%,显著提高了土壤中可溶性无机氮含量,促进了无机氮向深层土壤中迁移;尿素配施DMPP在土壤含水量50%条件下的氮素转化率最高,为10.68%;碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵、氯化铵的转化率分别为8.64%~16.42%、24.32%~37.98%、27.91%~40.41%,氮素转化率随着土壤含水量的升高而下降;尿素的转化率为2.63%~10.68%,氮素转化率随着土壤含水量的升高而升高。综上,在喀斯特地区土壤中施用铵态氮肥时,可以通过添加硝化抑制剂来延长氮肥在土壤中的迁移距离,提高可溶性无机氮含量和氮素转化率,减少氮素损失,从而提高土壤养分含量。The effects of urease inhibitors(NBPT)and nitrification inhibitors(DMPP)on the migration and transformation of four ammonium nitrogen fertilizers,including ammonium bicarbonate,ammonium sulphate,ammonium chloride as well as urea,in karst soils with varying moisture contents were studied by the means of indoor soil column incubation experiments.The results showed that compared to applying ammonium nitrogen fertilizer alone,the application of inhibitors had a significant impact on the migration of various ammonium nitrogen fertilizers in karst soil,and soil moisture significantly affected the distance of nitrogen migration.Ammonium bicarbonate,and ammonium sulfate,ammonium chloride,all showed the highest conversion rates under soil moisture content of 30%,reaching 16.42%,37.98%,and 40.41%,respectively.It can significantly increase the content of soluble inorganic nitrogen in soil and promote the migration of inorganic nitrogen to deeper soil layers.The conversion rate of urea combined with DMPP was the highest at 50%soil moisture content,with a conversion rate of 10.68%.The conversion rates of ammonium bicarbonate,ammonium sulfate,and ammonium chloride were 8.64%~16.42%%,24.32%~37.98%%and 27.91%~40.41%%,respectively.The conversion rates actually decreased with the increase of soil moisture content.The conversion rate of urea was 2.63%~10.68%%,which increased with the increase of soil moisture content.In conclusion,when ammonium nitrogen fertilizer was applied in karst soils,adding nitrification inhibitor could extend the migration distance of nitrogen fertilizer in the soil,increase the soluble inorganic nitrogen and the conversion rate,reduce nitrogen loss and increase soil nutrients.

关 键 词：铵态氮 抑制剂 可溶性无机氮 喀斯特 转化率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]