春灌定额对棉田水温盐分布及棉花苗期生长发育的影响  

Effect of spring irrigation quota on water temperature and salt distribution in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton

作　　者：付鑫法 吕廷波 王久龙 李港强 宋仁友 刘一凡 FU Xinfa;LYU Tingbo;WANG Jiulong;LI Gangqiang;SONG Renyou;LIU Yifan(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第6期1336-1344,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划(2022DB024)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究新疆南疆小海子灌区不同春灌定额对棉田水温盐和棉花苗期生长的影响,为小海子灌区棉花苗期的春灌定额提供科学依据。【方法】设置3个春灌水分处理(W_(1):1350 m^(3)/hm^(2)、W_(2):1800 m^(3)/hm^(2)、W_(3):2250 m^(3)/hm^(2)),分析不同春灌定额对棉田水温盐与棉花苗期生长发育的影响。【结果】0~60 cm土层平均土壤含水率W_(3)处理高于W_(1)和W_(2)处理,在其上部耕作层保水能力更好。W_(3)处理较W_(1)、W_(2)处理不同土壤深度地温低,膜下地温均高于2膜间裸行地温。W_(1)处理表层含盐量低于W_(2)和W_(3)处理,0~50 cm的盐分淋洗率分别为6.77%、22.22%和30.03%,春灌水量越大淋洗盐分的效果越好,50~100 cm土壤平均积盐率分别为-39.89%、-58.95%和-68.91%,随着灌水量的增加,盐分被水分带入深层增多。W_(1)处理棉花幼苗的株高、茎粗与叶面积最大,一定的水分亏缺有利于棉花幼苗的生长。【结论】不同春灌定额均有一定程度的洗盐增墒作用,表现为W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(1)处理。【Objective】To study the effects of different spring irrigation quotas on water temperature and salinity in cotton fields and seedling growth of cotton in Xiaohaizi Irrigation District.Provide a certain scientific basis for the reasonable spring irrigation quotas in the southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Three water treatments(W_(1):1,350 m^(3)/hm^(2),W_(2):1,800 m^(3)/hm^(2),W_(3):2,250m^(3)/hm^(2))were set up for spring irrigation to analyze the effects of different spring irrigation quotas on water temperature and salinity of cotton fields and cotton seedling growth.【Results】The average soil water content in the 0-60 cm soil layer of the W_(3)treatment was higher than those of the W_(1)and W_(2)treatments,and the water retention capacity of the upper tillage layer was better.The W_(3)treatment had a lower ground temperature at different depths than those of the W_(1)and W_(2)treatments,and the ground temperatures between the rows were higher than those between the membranes.The salt content in the surface layer of W_(1)treatment was lower than those of W_(2)and W_(3)treatments,and the salt washing rate of 0-50 cm was 6.77%,22.22%and 30.03%,respectively,and the larger the amount of spring irrigation water,the better the effect of salt washing,and the average salt accumulation rate of 50-100 cm was-39.89%,-58.95%and-68.91%,respectively,which indicated that with the increase of irrigation water,the salts were carried by the water into the deeper layer and increased.The height,stem thickness and leaf area of cotton seedlings in the W_(1)treatment were the largest,and a certain degree of water deficit was favorable to the growth of cotton seedlings.【Conclusion】Different spring irrigation quotas have a certain degree of salt washing and moisture increase effect,manifested as W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(1)treatment.

关 键 词：春灌 土壤水分 土壤盐分 土壤温度 盐分淋洗 棉田 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]