高温对不同厚皮甜瓜品种种子萌发的影响及其耐热性综合评价  

The impact of high temperature on different thick-skinned melon varieties and comprehensive evaluation of its heat resistance

作　　者：杨君妍 闫淼 吴海波[2] 杨文莉 王豪杰[1] 毛建才[1] 翟文强[1] 李俊华[1] YANG Junyan;YAN Miao;WU Haibo;YANG Wenli;WANG Haojie;MAO Jiancai;ZHAI Wenqiang;LI Junhua(The Cantaloupe Research Center of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Turpan Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Turpan Xinjiang 838000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院哈密瓜研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番838000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2024年第6期1386-1396,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家西甜瓜产业技术体系喀什综合试验站(CARS-25);自治区天山英才-三农骨干人才-喀什地区“小拱棚西甜瓜育苗移栽促早熟栽培技术研究及示范推广项目”(2022SNGGNT077);新疆现代农业产业技术体系(绿色栽培)(XJARS-06)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究高温对厚皮甜瓜种子萌发的影响以及不同厚皮甜瓜品种间耐高温能力的差异,为较耐高温厚皮甜瓜品种的筛选和厚皮甜瓜的育苗提供理论依据。【方法】以耐热性不同的5个新疆主栽厚皮甜瓜品种纳斯密、黄皮9818、新密14号(新红心脆)、黄梦脆和卡拉克赛(伽师瓜)为材料,设4个温度(28(CK)、35、40和50℃)处理,对比厚皮甜瓜种子萌发阶段的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,以28和50℃芽苗样本测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量,研究高温对不同厚皮甜瓜品种种子萌发和生理指标的影响,并分析相关指标和评价综合耐热性。【结果】5个厚皮甜瓜品种种子在28℃下能够正常萌发及生长,且发芽比较整齐;在35℃下,能使甜瓜种子更快萌发,但发芽过速易徒长,长势不整齐;在40℃下,种子萌发效果与35℃类似,生长开始受到轻微抑制且徒长加速,但不足以区分品种间的耐热性差异;在50℃下,延缓甜瓜种子的萌发,萌发后胚根逐渐腐烂,高温抑制作用明显且品系间的发芽能力差异显著。50℃下,耐热性好的品种抗氧化酶活性升高,而耐热性较差的品种抗氧化酶活性降低,其中SOD、POD较CAT发挥了更大作用,MDA增幅与耐热性成反比,脯氨酸增幅与耐热性成正比。【结论】5个厚皮甜瓜品种可划分为耐热型、热敏感型2个不同的耐热等级,耐热型:黄梦脆、纳斯密;热敏感型:黄皮9818、新密14号、卡拉克赛。黄梦脆、纳斯密、黄皮98183个厚皮甜瓜品种种子萌发期耐热性优于新密14号、卡拉克赛。【Objective】To study the effect of high temperature on the germination of thick skin melon seeds and the differences in high-temperature tolerance among different thick skin melon varieties in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the selection of more high-temperature resistant thick skin melon varieties and the seedling management and promotion application of thick skin melon.【Methods】Five main thick skinned melon varieties in Xinjiang with different heat resistance,Nasmi,Huangpi 9818,Xinmi 14(Xinhongxincui),Huangmengcui and Kalakesai(Jiashigua),were used as test materials,and treated at 4 temperatures(28(CK),35,40 and 50℃).The germination potential,germination rate,germination index and activity index of thick skinned melon seeds at the germination stage were compared.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)The activities of peroxidase(POD),Catalase(CAT),Malondialdehyde(MDA)and proline(Pro)contents were studied.【Results】The seeds of 5 thick skinned melon varieties were able to germinate and grow normally at 28℃,and the germination was relatively neat;At 35℃,muskmelon seeds could germinate faster,but excessive germination led to overgrowth and uneven growth;At 40℃,the germination effect of seeds was similar to that of 35℃,with slight inhibition of growth and acceleration of elongation,but not enough to distinguish the differences in heat resistance among varieties;At 50℃,the germination of melon seeds was delayed,and the embryonic roots gradually decayed after germination.The high-temperature inhibition effect was significant,and there was a significant difference in germination ability between strains.At 50℃,the antioxidant enzyme activity of varieties with good heat resistance increased,while the antioxidant enzyme activity of varieties with poor heat resistance decreased.SOD and POD played a greater role than CAT,and the increase in MDA was inversely proportional to heat resistance,while the increase in proline was directly proportional to heat resistance.【Conclusion】The five thick skin m

关 键 词：厚皮甜瓜 高温胁迫 种子萌发 综合评价 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]