生产力的质变:表征、动力与过程  

Qualitative Change in Productive Forces:Characterization,Dynamics,and Process

作　　者：杨虎涛 方敏[3] YANG Hu-tao;FANG Min(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836,China;School of Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836,China;School of Economics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100836 [2]中国社会科学院大学经济学院,北京102488 [3]北京大学经济学院,北京100871

出　　处：《财经问题研究》2024年第8期3-21,共19页Research On Financial and Economic Issues

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“促进数字经济与实体经济深度融合的政治经济学研究”(23ZDA043);中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究阐释工程重点项目“新质生产力与新型生产关系塑造研究”(2025XYZD08)。

摘　　要：新质生产力的形成和发展,是劳动者、劳动资料和劳动对象范围扩展和组合重构的过程。在技术层面上,激进技术尤其是通用目的技术是推动生产力质变的关键因素,激进技术所组成的新技术系统及其对应的新部门的创生与增长,成为推动生产力质变的动力。其中,关键生产要素的大范围使用及其成本的迅速下降是质变进程加速的重要指示器。在制度层面上,与激进技术所对应的生产组织方式、要素特征相适应的适宜性制度体系,对引导和发展新质生产力,形成稳定、可持续的积累模式,起着重要的支持和引导作用。作为一个创造性与破坏性并存的过程,生产力的质变并不是突变的,而是渐进的和波动的。由于不同的激进技术及相应的新技术系统在技术性质上存在明显差异,不同时期生产力的质变过程和内容也有所不同。随着产业部门的复杂化和多样化,生产力的质变过程往往伴随着多个激进技术甚至通用目的技术的叠加和协同,这就使质变过程中的经济波动更为复杂。正在展开的技术革命浪潮将从能源和信息两方面带来以绿色+智能为主旨的新质生产力,新质生产力的加快形成不仅取决于创新的力度、方式和方向,还取决于关键制度和观念的变革。It is generally agreed that the formation and development of new quality productive forces is a process of expanding and reconfiguring the scope and combination of workers,labor resources,and labor objects.However,key issues such as indicators and driving factors for judging the beginning stage,the acceleration of quantitative change,and the stage of qualitative change need in‐depth studies.At the technological level,radical technology,especially general‐purpose technology,is the key factor driving the qualitative change of productive forces,and the new technological system composed of radical technology and its corresponding new sector creation and growth become the driving force of the qualitative change of productive forces.In particular,the rapid reduction in the cost of key factors of production and their widespread use are important indicators of the acceleration of the qualitative change process.At the institutional level,an appropriate institutional system that is compatible with the production organization and factor characteristics corresponding to radical technologies plays an important role in supporting and guiding the development of new quality productive forces and the formation of a stable and sustainable accumulation pattern.As a creative and destructive co‐existing process,the qualitative change of productive forces is not abrupt,but gradual and fluctuating.The process and content of qualitative change in productive forces varies from one period to another due to the marked differences in the technological nature of different radical technologies and the corresponding new technological systems.Due to the complexity and diversification of industrial sectors,the process of qualitative change in productive forces is often accompanied by the superposition and synergy of multiple radical technologies or even general‐purpose technologies,which makes the economic fluctuations in the process of qualitative change even more complex.Compared with existing research on new quality productive forces,

关 键 词：新质生产力 创造性破坏 通用技术 劳动方式 技术—经济范式 

分 类 号：F420[经济管理—产业经济]