核电事故场外应急辐射监测方法探讨  

Exploration of Emergency Radiation Monitoring Methods for Nuclear Power Accidents Outside the Site

作　　者：张孟帅 ZHANG Meng-shuai(Shandong Nuclear Accident Emergency Management Center Jinan 250000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省核事故应急管理中心,山东济南

出　　处：《山东工业技术》2024年第3期102-107,共6页Journal of Shandong Industrial Technology

摘　　要：开展核电厂事故场外应急响应时,辐射监测是很重要的一项工作。辐射监测工作需要多个部门配合完成,包括省生态环境厅、省卫生健康委、省自然资源厅、省农业农村厅、相关海关、军队、核设施营运单位等。辐射监测需要在事故的不同发展阶段由不同的辐射监测小组采取不同措施。在四级应急响应中,需要陆上监测小组和海上监测小组做好应急待命的工作,到一级响应时,需要陆上监测小组、海上监测小组和食品饮用水监测小组全面启动巡测、监测、采样、分析等工作。本文给出了核电厂事故条件下,可行的辐射监测程序和措施以及通常的工作部门分工,并综合多个省份的辐射监测工作实践,提出了多个方面的优化方法。Radiation monitoring is an important task in conducting off-site emergency response to nuclear power plant accidents.Radiation monitoring work requires the cooperation of multiple departments,including the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment,Provincial Health Commission,Provincial Department of Natural Resources,Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,relevant customs,military,nuclear facility operation units,etc.Radiation monitoring requires different measures to be taken by different radiation monitoring teams at different stages of accident development.In the fourth level emergency response,it is necessary for the onshore monitoring team and offshore monitoring team to do a good job of emergency standby.At the first level of response,the onshore monitoring team,offshore monitoring team,and food and drinking water monitoring team need to fully initiate patrols,monitoring,sampling,analysis,and other work.This article provides feasible radiation monitoring procedures and measures under the conditions of nuclear power plant accidents,as well as the usual division of labor among departments.Based on the radiation monitoring work practices of multiple provinces,optimization methods from multiple aspects are proposed.

关 键 词：应急 辐射监测 职责 程序 

分 类 号：TM623[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]