高寒区不同植被恢复年限矿山排土场边坡产流产沙特征  

Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Production on Mine Dump Slopes with Different Recovery Periods in Alpine Regions

作　　者：刘亚斌 庞景豪 梁燊 余冬梅[3] 史兴萍 李国荣[1,2] 缪晓星 王延秀 朱海丽 胡夏嵩[1,2] Liu Yabin;Pang Jinghao;Liang Shen;Yu Dongmei;Shi Xingping;Li Guorong;Miao Xiaoxing;Wang Yanxiu;Zhu Haili;Hu Xiasong(Department of Geological Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Resources and Environment on the Northern Edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Qinghai Salt Lake Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining,Qinghai 810008,China;Qinghai West Copper Industry Co.,Ltd.,Guoluo,Qinghai 814000,China;Qinghai Soil and Water Conservation Research Center,Xining,Qinghai 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学地质工程系,青海西宁810016 [2]青藏高原北缘新生代资源环境重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,青海西宁810008 [4]青海威斯特铜业有限责任公司,青海果洛814000 [5]青海省水土保持中心,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第4期1-11,共11页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金项目“高寒矿山排土场边坡人工恢复植被演替规律及其护坡效应评价:以果洛德尔尼铜矿为例”(2021-ZJ-956Q)。

摘　　要：[目的]分析高寒金属矿山不同植被恢复年限排土场边坡坡面产流产沙特征,为排土场人工植被恢复和水土保持工作高效合理地开展提供科学依据。[方法]以青海省果洛藏族自治州德尔尼铜矿恢复期为2~15 a范围内的7个矿山排土场边坡为研究对象,通过模拟降雨试验获取不同恢复年限排土场坡面产流产沙和径流水动力学特征指标,并进一步分析坡面产流产沙特征和径流水动力学特征的影响因素。[结果]研究区排土场坡面产流产沙过程相对复杂,随机性强,不同恢复年限排土场坡面单位面积产流率和产沙率随降雨历时的变化规律存在较大的差异。排土场边坡坡面单位面积累积产流量与恢复年限之间不存在显著性关系;单位面积累积产沙量和侵蚀泥沙平均体积直径随着恢复年限的增大均呈逐渐降低趋势,且侵蚀泥沙平均体积直径与恢复年限呈显著性幂函数关系(p<0.05);随着恢复年限的增大产流时间呈线性函数增大趋势(p<0.05)。各恢复年限排土场边坡径流流态以层流为主,且均属于缓流。随着恢复年限的逐渐增大,坡面径流雷诺数和径流剪切力呈显著性的指数函数降低和线性函数降低趋势(p<0.05);而径流流速和弗劳德数与恢复年限未体现出显著性的函数关系。总体而言,随着恢复年限的增长,排土场坡面径流冲蚀和挟沙能力降低。不同恢复年限排土场边坡坡面单位面积累积产沙量、径流速度和雷诺数与坡度呈显著性高度正相关关系(p<0.05)。[结论]高寒矿区排土场经人工植被恢复后,坡面抗侵蚀能力随恢复年限的增长呈向好趋势;植被未完全返青的情况下,坡度对坡面产流产沙特征和径流水动力学特征的影响程度高于植被覆盖度。[Objective] The characteristics of runoff and sediment production on the slopes of mine dumps with different recovery periods in alpine regions were analyzed in order to provide scientific basis for the efficient and rational restoration of vegetation,as well as for improving the soil and water conservation efforts,on such mine dumps.[Methods] Seven dumps of the Delni copper mine in Machin County,Guoluo Xizang Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,with recovery periods ranging from 2 to 15 years,were selected as the research subjects.Runoff,sediment,and hydrodynamic characteristics of dump slopes with different recovery periods were determined through simulated rainfall tests,and their influencing factors were analysed.[Results] The runoff and sediment yield of the dump slopes in the study area were relatively complex and random.Large variations were observed in runoff and sediment yield per unit area with rainfall duration in the different recovery years.No significant relationship was observed between the cumulative runoff per unit area of dump slope and recovery period.The cumulative sediment per unit area and average volume diameter of the eroded sediment decreased with increasing recovery period.A significant power function relationship was observed between the average volume diameter of the eroded sediment and recovery period(p<0.05).The runoff generation period increased linearly with the recovery period(p<0.05).Laminar flow was the main runoff flow pattern at the dump slopes each year,and all patterns demonstrated tranquil flow.The Reynolds number and flow shear stress of runoff showed significant exponential and linear decreases,respectively,with an increase in the recovery period(p<0.05).No significant relationship was observed between the velocity and Froude number during the runoff and recovery periods.With increasing recovery period,the erosion and sediment-carrying capacity of runoff on the dump slope decreased.Significant positive correlations(p<0.05) were observed between the slope gradient and c

关 键 词：高寒金属矿山 排土场 产流产沙特征 径流水动力学特征 水土保持 

分 类 号：TU43[建筑科学—岩土工程] S157.1[建筑科学—土工工程]