土壤水蚀对荒漠草原针茅斑块分布格局形成的影响  

Effects of Soil Water Erosion on Patch Distribution Pattern of Stipa Krylovii in Desert Steppe

作　　者：王子薇 杨振奇 郭建英[2,3] 田甜[1,2,3] Wang Ziwei;Yang Zhenqi;Guo Jianying;Tian Tian(College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area of the Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010020,China;Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Rescarch,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [3]内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第4期86-96,共11页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“典型草原区放牧驱动下植被格局与根系对土壤水蚀的影响机制”(42177347);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目“五大人才”计划项目;中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目“草丛斑块格局对放牧草地坡面水力侵蚀过程的影响机制”(MK2022J11)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨土壤水蚀对希拉穆仁草原克氏针茅斑块分布格局的影响机制,为该区域的水土流失治理提供理论依据。[方法]采用野外调查和方差均值比率法设定了3个分布格局(聚集分布、均匀分布和随机分布格局)2个对照(不放牧和裸坡),进行降雨强度为30,60,90,120 mm/h的室内模拟降雨试验,量化了不同分布格局坡面的产流产沙过程。[结果](1)重度放牧和不放牧为聚集分布格局,中度放牧为均匀分布格局,轻度放牧为随机分布格局。(2)30 mm/h雨强不产流,60 mm/h雨强产流率呈:裸坡>聚集分布>随机分布>均匀分布>不放牧;90 mm/h雨强呈:裸坡>聚集分布>均匀分布>随机分布>不放牧;120 mm/h雨强呈:裸坡>聚集分布>不放牧>均匀分布>随机分布;(3)30 mm/h雨强不产沙,60 mm/h雨强产沙率呈:裸坡>均匀分布>不放牧>随机分布>聚集分布;90 mm/h雨强呈:裸坡>聚集分布>均匀分布>随机分布>不放牧;120 mm/h雨强呈:裸坡>不放牧>聚集分布>均匀分布>随机分布;(4)120 mm/h雨强随机分布的减沙效益最好,可减少88.76%,90 mm/h雨强的不放牧减流效益最好,可减少45.78%。[结论]放牧促使克氏针茅出现斑块化的现象,土壤水蚀加剧了裸地斑块的形成,进而使克氏针茅斑块出现了不同的分布格局。[Objective] The influence mechanism of soil water erosion on the patch distribution pattern of Stipa krylovii in a Xilamuren grassland was analysed in order to provide a theoretical basis for soil erosion control in this area.[Methods] Three distribution patterns(aggregation,uniform,and random distribution patterns) and two controls patterns(non-grazing and bare slope) were set up by field investigation and the variance mean ratio method.Indoor simulated rainfall experiments with rainfall intensity of 30,60,90 mm/h,and 120 mm/h were conducted to quantify the sediment production and abortion processes on slopes with different distribution patterns.[Results](1) The distribution pattern of heavy grazing and no grazing was aggregation distribution pattern,the distribution pattern of moderate grazing was uniform distribution pattern,and the distribution pattern of light grazing was random distribution pattern.(2) At 30 mm/h rainfall intensity,no runoff was produced,whereas at 60 mm/h rainfall intensity the runoff yield was in the order of bare slope > aggregation distribution pattern> random distribution pattern> uniform distribution pattern> no grazing.For the rainfall intensity at 90 mm/h,the runoff yield was in the order of bare slope > aggregate distribution pattern> uniform distribution pattern> random distribution pattern> no grazing.At 120 mm/h rainfall intensity,the runoff yield showed the order of bare slope > aggregation distribution pattern> no grazing > uniform distribution pattern> random distribution pattern.(3) At 30 mm/h,there was no sediment production.However,at 60 mm/h the sediment production rate was in the order of bare slope > uniform distribution pattern> no grazing > random distribution pattern> aggregation distribution pattern.The rainfall intensity at 90 mm/h resulted in sediment distribution in the order of bare slope > aggregate distribution pattern> uniform distribution pattern> random distribution pattern> no grazing.Furthermore,at 120 mm/h rainfall intensity,the sediment distribution was

关 键 词：放牧强度 植被斑块 地统计学分析 土壤水蚀 减流减沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]