不同覆膜材料汇集微量降水及露水对土壤水分的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Materials on Soil Moisture by Faint Rainfall and Dew Collection

作　　者：管恩晴 马波[1,2] 郭嘉 王彦军 杨艳 Guan Enqing;Ma Bo;Guo Jia;Wang Yanjun;Yang Yan(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第4期187-195,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目“黑果枸杞OPC生物合成关键酶活性对水分胁迫和光质的响应”(2022AAC02018);宁夏重点研发计划项目(2019BEH03010,2023BEG02054);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(水利工程学科)项目(NXYLXK2021A03)。

摘　　要：[目的]探明覆膜材料汇集微量降水及露水对土壤水分的影响,为宁夏回族自治区中部干旱带微量降水及露水有效利用提供科学依据及支撑。[方法]设置了普通聚乙烯膜覆垄(T_(1))、高密度聚乙烯膜覆垄(T_(2))、聚四氟乙烯膜覆垄(T_(3))共3个处理,以裸地(T_(4))为对照,进行集流面坡度优化,对微量降水和露水发生过程中土壤水分变化特征进行研究。[结果](1)研究区多年单次5 mm以下降水总量占年降水量的29.8%,年平均露水量为31.68 mm,占多年平均降水量的13.2%;(2)不同覆垄模式5 cm和15 cm埋深位置土壤体积含水率大小顺序一致,表现为:聚四氟乙烯膜覆垄>普通聚乙烯膜覆垄>高密度聚乙烯膜覆垄>裸地;(3)覆垄汇集微量降水对土壤水分影响深度明显增加,降水量为2 mm时,对土壤水分的影响深度可达15 cm,而裸地条件下仅达到5 cm位置;(4)露水对土壤水分的影响在0—5 cm,当露水量为0.8 mm时,普通聚乙烯膜覆垄、高密度聚乙烯膜覆垄、聚四氟乙烯膜覆垄、裸地的土壤体积含水率分别提高0.6%,1.6%,4%,0.2%。[结论]不同覆膜处理汇集微量降水和露水对土壤水分影响存在显著差异,其中聚四氟乙烯膜覆垄汇集效果最好,垄沟内土壤体积含水率最大。[Objective] The effects of mulching materials on the collection of faint rainfall and dew from soil moisture were analysed to provide a scientific basis to support their efficient utilisation in central arid belt of Ningxia Hui Aouonomous Region.[Methods] Three treatments were evaluated in the field experiment:ordinary polyethylene film mulch(T_(1)),high-density polyethylene film mulch(T_(2)) and polytetrafluoroethylene film mulch(T_(3));bare ground(T_(4)) was used as the control.The slopes of the catchment surface were optimised,and the changes in soil moisture during faint rainfall and dew events were determined.[Results](1) The total multi-year single precipitation of less than 5 mm accounted for 29.8% of the annual precipitation in the study area,with an average annual dew of 31.68 mm,representing 13.2% of the average multi-year precipitation.(2) The order of soil volumetric moisture content at depths of 5 and 15 cm in different ridge mulching modes was consistent,decreasing from polytetrafluoroethylene film mulching > ordinary polyethylene film mulching > high density polyethylene film mulching > bare ground.(3) The depth of influence of ridge mulching on soil moisture increased significantly when collecting faint rainfall,and was up to 15 cm for 2 mm precipitation,whereas it was only up to 5 cm in the bare ground control.(4) The effect of dew on soil moisture was mainly above 5 cm,and when the dew amount was 0.8 mm,the soil moisture of ordinary polyethylene film mulch,high-density polyethylene film mulch,polytetrafluoroethylene film mulch and bare soil increased by 0.6%,1.6%,4.0% and 0.2%,respectively.[Conclusion] We found significant differences in the effects of three mulching treatments to pool faint rainfall and dew to increase soil moisture,of which the polytetrafluoroethylene film mulch ridges pooled the best,with soil moisture content in the ridges being greatest.

关 键 词：覆膜材料 微量降水 露水 土壤水分 宁夏回族自治区中部干旱地区 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]