吉林省不同量级降雨下的降雨侵蚀力特征  

Characteristics of Rainfall Erosivity Under Different Magnitudes of Rainfall in Jilin Province

作　　者：宋爽 牛天一 陈长胜[1] 刘子琪 李云峰 纪玲玲[1] 岳元 Song Shuang;Niu Tianyi;Chen Changsheng;Liu Ziqi;Li Yunfeng;Ji Lingling;Yue Yuan(Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province,Changchun,Jilin,130062,China;Meteorological Service Center of Jilin Province,Changchun,Jilin 130062,China;Jilin Province Meteorological Information Network Center,Changchun,Jilin 130062,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省气象台,吉林长春130062 [2]吉林省气象服务中心,吉林长春130062 [3]吉林省气象信息网络中心,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2024年第4期215-224,共10页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国气象创新发展专项“气候变化背景下黑土区有机质含量与土壤侵蚀的监测评估和对策研究”(CXFZ2023J059);吉林省科技发展计划项目“吉林省黑土区水力侵蚀短期降水风险评估及预警系统研发”(20230203134SF)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究吉林省不同量级降雨条件下降雨侵蚀力的时空分布特征,为该省气象灾害风险评估、水土流失防治提供科学参考。[方法]基于1980—2022年吉林省51个站点的逐日降雨数据,按雨量等级将其划分为不同量级降雨,采用Xie提出的日降雨侵蚀力计算模型计算降雨侵蚀力,利用M-K突变检验、变异系数、气候倾向率分析吉林省不同量级降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征。[结果](1)1980—2022年吉林省年均侵蚀性降雨量和降雨侵蚀力分别为420.04 mm和1 967.12 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h),变异系数分别为0.27,0.2,均属中等变异;(2)1980—2022年,不同量级降雨侵蚀力随年际变化均呈上升趋势,暴雨侵蚀力上升幅度最大,为57.7 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h·10 a),中雨侵蚀力上升幅度最小,为5.8 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h·10 a),大雨侵蚀力对年均降雨侵蚀力的贡献度最大,为36.68%;(3)不同量级降雨侵蚀力年内分布不均匀,中雨侵蚀力在全年均有发生,大暴雨侵蚀力仅发生在6—9月,10月至翌年5月中雨侵蚀力在年降雨侵蚀力中占主导地位,6—9月大雨和暴雨侵蚀力逐渐替代中雨侵蚀力在年降雨侵蚀力中起主导地位;(4)年均侵蚀性降雨量、年均降雨侵蚀力和不同量级降雨侵蚀力空间分布均呈现中南高东西低的格局。[结论]吉林省不同量级降雨侵蚀力区域特征明显,明确了各量级降雨易产生土壤侵蚀可能性较高的时间和地区,应因地制宜地制定气象灾害风险防御和水土保持防治措施。[Objective] To provide a reference for the assessment of meteorological disaster risk and prevention of soil erosion,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity under different levels of rainfall in Jilin Province were analysed.[Methods] Daily rainfall data from 51 meteorological stations in Jilin Province from 1980 to 2022 were divided based on different rainfall magnitudes according to the rainfall grade.The daily rainfall erosivity calculation model proposed by Xie was adopted to calculate the rainfall erosivity,and the M-K mutation test,coefficient of variation,and climate tendency rate were used to analyse the spatial and temporal distributions of different grades of rainfall erosivity.[Results](1) The average annual erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity in Jilin Province during 1980—2022 were 420.04 mm and 1 967.12 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h),and the coefficients of variation were 0.27 and 0.2,respectively,both of which showed moderate variations.(2) Different grades of rainfall erosivity showed an upward trend during 1980—2022.The torrential rain erosivity showed the largest increase of 57.7 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h·10 a),whereas the moderate rainfall erosivity showed the smallest increase of 5.8 MJ·mm/(hm^(2)·h·10 a).The contribution of heavy rain erosivity to the average annual rainfall erosivity was the largest at 36.68%.(3) The distribution of different grades of rainfall erosivity was uneven throughout the year.Moderate rainfall erosivity occurred throughout the year,whereas heavy rainfall erosivity only occurred from June to September.Moderate rainfall erosivity played a dominant role in the annual rainfall erosivity from October to May of the subsequent year.From June to September,the heavy and torrential rain erosivities gradually replaced the moderate rainfall erosivity and played a dominant role in the annual rainfall erosivity.(4) The spatial distributions of the average annual erosive rainfall,average annual rainfall erosivity,and different grades of rainfall erosivity

关 键 词：不同量级降雨侵蚀力 侵蚀性降雨 时空分布 吉林省 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]