枢椎支点螺钉在寰枢椎钉棒固定中复位能力的生物力学测试  

Biomechanical test of reduction ability of axis pivot screw in atlantoaxial screw-rod fixation

作　　者：陈树金 马向阳 邹小宝 廖英强 漆海如 刘宝 曾宪明 Chen Shujin;Ma Xiangyang;Zou Xiaobao;Liao Yingqiang;Qi Hairu;Liu Bao;Zeng Xianming(Department of Spine Surgery,Zhongshan Torch Development Zone People’s Hospital,Zhongshan 528436,Guangdong Province,China;Department of Spine Surgery,General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of Chinese PLA,Guangzhou 510010,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中山火炬开发区人民医院脊柱外科,广东省中山市528436 [2]中国人民解放军南部战区总医院脊柱外科,广东省广州市510010

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2025年第15期3116-3120,共5页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(82272582),项目负责人:马向阳。

摘　　要：背景:目前,寰枢椎脱位的手术治疗主要采取后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定系统进行提拉复位,术中常通过增大连接棒的弯曲度进而增加寰椎和枢椎间的落差来提升复位效果,但增加了手术难度及风险。枢椎支点螺钉直接增加了寰椎和枢椎间的复位落差,但其增加复位能力的程度尚不清楚。目的:测试枢椎支点螺钉的复位能力,并与普通螺钉进行对比。方法:选取6具新鲜人体颅颈标本,切除双侧侧块关节囊、寰齿关节囊及横韧带制成寰枢椎失稳模型,每具标本枢椎双侧均依次进行3种内固定:植入单轴枢椎支点螺钉(A组)、多轴枢椎支点螺钉(B组)及普通螺钉(C组),将柔性超薄式薄膜压力传感器置于寰齿前间隙,置入2根相同曲度连接棒,模拟提拉复位,获取寰齿前间隙压力,3组间进行对比分析。结果与结论:①A-C组标本寰齿前间隙压力分别为(97.59±8.58),(60.43±5.09),(22.74±0.81)N,3组间寰齿前间隙压力比较差异有显著性意义(F=251.603,P=0.000),3组间两两比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.000);②结果显示相较于普通颈椎后路螺钉,枢椎支点螺钉应用于后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定系统可提升复位能力,且单轴枢椎支点螺钉相较于多轴枢椎支点螺钉提升后路寰枢椎钉棒内固定系统的复位能力更佳。BACKGROUND:At present,the surgical treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation mainly adopts the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod internal fixation system for lifting and reduction.During the operation,the curvature of the connecting rod is often increased to increase the drop between the atlantoaxial vertebrae to improve the reduction effect,but it increases the difficulty and risk of surgery.The axis pivot screw directly increases the reduction drop between the atlantoaxial vertebrae,but the extent to which it increases the reduction capacity is unclear.OBJECTIVE:To test the reduction ability of axis pivot screw and compare it with ordinary screw.METHODS:Six fresh human craniocervical specimens were used in study.The joint capsules of two lateral mass joints and atlanto-odontoid joint and transverse ligament were removed to make an atlantoaxial instability model.Three kinds of internal fixation were performed successively on both sides of the axis of each specimen:uniaxial axis pivot screws(group A),multi-axial axis pivot screws(group B)and ordinary screws(group C).Flexible ultra-thin film pressure sensors were placed in the anterior atlanto-odontoid space.Two connecting rods with the same curvature were placed to simulate the lifting and reduction,and the pressure of the anterior atlanto-odontoid space was obtained.Comparative analysis was conducted among the three groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The anterior atlanto-odontoid space pressure of groups A-C was(97.59±8.58),(60.43±5.09),and(22.74±0.81)N,respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups(F=251.603,P=0.000).The pairwise comparison among the three groups showed significant differences(P=0.000).(2)The axis pivot screw applied to the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod internal fixation system can improve the reduction capacity compared with the common cervical posterior screw,and the uniaxial axis pivot screw has more reduction capacity than the multi-axis uniaxial axis pivot screw to improve the posterior atlantoaxial screw-rod interna

关 键 词：枢椎支点螺钉 寰枢椎钉棒内固定系统 寰枢椎脱位 复位能力 生物力学 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R445