有限元法在脊柱胸腰段骨折生物力学分析中的应用及发展方向  

Application and development direction of finite element method in biomechanical analysis of thoracolumbar fractures of the spine

作　　者：贺凯 邢文华[2] 李峰[2] 刘胜祥 白贤明[2] 周晨 高旭 乔宇 何强 高志宇 郭圳 包阿如汗 李查德 He Kai;Xing Wenhua;Li Feng;Liu Shengxiang;Bai Xianming;Zhou Chen;Gao Xu;Qiao Yu;He Qiang;Gao Zhiyu;Guo Zhen;Bao Aruhan;Li Chade(Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010110,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;Hohhot First Hospital,Hohhot 010030,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010110 [2]内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010020 [3]呼和浩特市第一医院,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市010030

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2025年第15期3244-3252,共9页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：内蒙古自治区卫生健康委员会资助项目(2023SGGZ092),课题名称:关于胸腰椎骨折手术复位机制的临床研究,项目负责人:邢文华。

摘　　要：背景:脊柱骨折最高发部位是胸腰段,其症状为后背部疼痛、后凸畸形、活动受限,或伴脊髓神经损伤引发下肢疼痛、麻木甚至截瘫等并发症。有限元法是一种数字化的计算机建模技术,能真实模拟实物模型并进行受力分析。目的:综述有限元法在脊柱胸腰段骨折中的应用。方法:在中英文文献数据库PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网中检索2024年3月之前发表的有限元分析法在脊柱胸腰段骨折中应用的相关文献,中英文检索词为“有限元分析法(finite element analysis methods)”“生物力学(biomechanical phenomena)”“应力分析(stress analysis)”“胸腰椎骨折(thoracolumbar fractures)”“脊柱骨折(spinal fractures)”,最终纳入55篇文献。结果与结论:①通过有限元法对不同病因(骨质疏松性、创伤性、病理性)导致的胸腰椎骨折进行探索,有利于对各种类型胸腰椎骨折的生物力学特征有更加深刻的认识,完善对胸腰椎骨折的个性化和精细化治疗;②单一样本或数量较少样本的有限元分析具有偶然性,未来的有限元分析需要更大的样本数量来减少样本偶然性带来的误差;③仅骨骼的刚性结构不能满足实物的完整性所具有的生物力学工况,未来的有限元模型需要尽可能纳入实物的所有结构(例如肌肉、韧带等软组织);④有限元法在骨质疏松性和创伤性胸腰椎骨折方面的研究较多,未来需要进行更加深入的研究;病理性胸腰椎骨折领域的研究较少,未来研究范围较广。BACKGROUND:The highest incidence of spinal fracture is in the thoracolumbar segment,and its symptoms are back pain,posterior convexity deformity,activity limitation,or with spinal cord nerve injury causing lower limb pain,numbness,and even paraplegia and other complications.The finite element method is a digital computer modeling technique,which can simulate the physical model and carry out force analysis realistically.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of finite element method in thoracolumbar spine fractures.METHODS:We searched the Chinese and English literature databases PubMed,Web of Science,and CNKI for relevant literature on the application of the finite element analysis method in spinal thoracolumbar fracture published before March 2024.The search terms in Chinese and English were:finite element analysis methods,biomechanical phenomena,stress analysis,thoracolumbar fractures,spinal fractures.Finally,55 papers were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The exploration of thoracolumbar fractures caused by different etiologies(osteoporotic,traumatic,and pathological)through the finite element method is conducive to a deeper understanding of the biomechanics of various types of thoracolumbar fractures,and to improve the individualized and fine-tuned treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.(2)The finite element analysis of a single sample or a small number of samples has the chance,and a larger number of samples are required for the future finite element analysis to reduce the chance caused by the sample.(3)The rigid structure of bones alone cannot meet the biomechanical working conditions of the integrity of the physical object,and future finite element models need to incorporate all the structures of the physical object(e.g.,soft tissues,such as muscles and ligaments)as far as possible.(4)The finite element method has been used in more studies on osteoporotic and traumatic thoracolumbar spine fractures,which will need to be more in-depth in the future,and less in the field of pathologic thoracolumbar fractures,whi

关 键 词：脊柱骨折 胸腰椎骨折 有限元分析法 生物力学 应力分析 综述 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R318[医药卫生—临床医学] R687.32