La^(3+)/NH_(4)^(+)在双电层内交换过程中铵的吸附规律  

Adsorption law of ammonium during exchange process of La^(3+)/NH_(4)^(+)in electric double layer

作　　者：林福明[1,2] 安厚睿 王观石 彭陈亮[1,3] LIN Fuming;AN Hourui;WANG Guanshi;PENG Chenliang(School of Civil and Surveying and Mapping Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;School of Science,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Jiangxi Key Laboratory of River Source Water Ecological Protection,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学土木与测绘工程学院,赣州341000 [2]江西理工大学理学院,赣州341000 [3]江西理工大学河流源头水生态保护江西省重点实验室,赣州341000

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第8期2762-2772,共11页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52364015);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ2200836);福建省科技重大专项(2023YZ037002)。

摘　　要：离子交换反应过程中铵的吸附规律是浸矿剂用量计算的基础。以化学纯高岭土为吸附剂,以镧离子为吸附质,制备高岭土饱和镧矿样,采用不同浓度铵离子浸取矿样中的镧离子。结果表明:当铵离子浓度为1~5 mg/L时,铵只出现物理吸附;当铵离子浓度大于300 mg/L时,铵开始出现化学吸附;离子交换吸附开始时,铵离子吸附量为0.012 mg/g,双电层内ζ电势趋于0,滑动面与扩散层最外层几乎重合。通过铵的解吸实验,得到镧离子交换完全后,物理吸附态、离子交换态和固定态的所占比例分别为30%、65%和5%;铵的总吸附量与镧离子浸出量之间的摩尔比接近5∶1。此结果为高岭土作为主要黏土矿物的离子型稀土矿浸矿剂的用量计算提供理论依据。The adsorption law of ammonium during ion exchange reaction process is the basis of calculating the dosage of leaching agent.La-kaolin ore samples were prepared using chemical pure kaolin as adsorbent and lanthanum ions as adsorbate.The lanthanum ions in the La-kaolin ore samples were leached with different concentrations of ammonium ions.The results show that,only physical adsorption occurs when the ammonium concentration is 1−5 mg/L,and chemical adsorption occurs since the ammonium concentration is greater than 300 mg/L.At the beginning of ion exchange adsorption,the adsorption amount of ammonium ions is 0.012 mg/g,theζpotential within the electric double layer tends to 0,and the shear plane almost coincides with the outermost layer of the diffusion layer.Through the desorption experiment of ammonium,it is found that the proportion of physical adsorption,ion exchange state and fixed state is 30%,65%and 5%,respectively.The molar ratio between the total adsorption amount of ammonium ions and the leaching amount of lanthanum ions is close to 5∶1.It can provide a theoretical basis for calculating the dosage of leaching agent for ion-adsorption type rare earth ore with kaolin as the main clay mineral.

关 键 词：离子型稀土矿 离子交换反应 物理吸附态 离子交换态 双电层 

分 类 号：TD865[矿业工程—金属矿开采]