基于化学与物理途径调控的低热释放高分子材料研究进展  

Research Progress of Polymer Materials with Low Heat-Release Modulated via Chemical and Physical Routes

作　　者：余荣华 刘杰[1] 唐涛[1] YU Ronghua;LIU Jie;TANG Tao(State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春应用化学研究所高分子物理与化学国家重点实验室,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2024年第8期673-681,696,共10页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51991353)。

摘　　要：高分子材料在生活中广泛应用,但其大部分由碳氢元素组成且易燃,具有潜在的火灾危险性。降低高分子材料燃烧热释放是提高其火安全性的关键。高分子材料在高温下产生的可挥发热解产物扩散到气相并和氧气发生燃烧反应是放热的根本原因。因此,控制可挥发热解产物的生成量与扩散速度以及在气相中的燃烧反应是降低高分子材料燃烧热释放的基本方法。介绍了作者团队基于化学与物理途径降低高分子材料燃烧热释放的研究进展,主要包括以下3种途径:①调控聚合物碳化反应,将降解产物尽可能固定在凝聚相区域,减少可燃挥发组分的释放;②采用不同策略对炭层结构进行优化,增强阻隔作用,抑制可燃组分的传质和传热;③抑制气相燃烧反应,降低燃烧效率。通过探索聚合物结构、残炭炭层结构与热释放之间的内在关系,提出了热分解机理和高质量炭层形成机制,为低热释放高分子材料的设计与开发提供新思路。Polymer materials are widely used in life,but most of them are composed of hydrocarbon elements and are flammable,therefore has a potential fire hazard.Reducing the heat release of polymers combustion is the key to improve their fire safety.The exothermic heat release is fundamentally attributed to the diffusion of volatile pyrolysis products of polymers at elevated temperatures and subsequent combustion reactions with oxygen.Therefore,the primary method to reduce the heat release of polymer involves controlling the generation quantity of volatile pyrolysis products,modulating the diffusion rate,and managing the combustion reaction in the gas phase.This paper introduces the research progress of the author team on reducing the heat release of polymers combustion based on chemical and physical routes.These routes encompass three key strategies:①regulating the carbonization reaction of polymers to immobilize degradation products within the condensed phase region,thereby reducing the release of combustible volatile components;②optimizing the char layer structure through various methods to enhance the barrier effect and curtail the mass and heat transfer of combustible components;③inhibiting gas-phase combustion reactions,thereby reducing combustion efficiency.The relationships between heat release and both the polymer structure and char layer structure are discussed,and the mechanisms of thermal decomposition and the formation of high-quality char layer are elucidated.These findings may provide valuable insights for the development of low-heat release polymer materials.

关 键 词：阻燃 聚合物材料 碳化反应 炭层结构 燃烧反应 

分 类 号：O63[理学—高分子化学] TQ323[理学—化学]