阻燃材料火灾危害评估方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Fire Hazard Assessment Methods for Flame-Retardant Materials

作　　者：邹斌 褚夫凯 李家峻 宋磊[1] 胡源[1] ZOU Bin;CHU Fukai;LI Jiajun;SONG Lei;HU Yuan(State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;China Academy of Safety Science and Technology,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026 [2]中国安全生产科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2024年第8期704-713,696,共11页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(51991352);国家自然科学基金青年项目(22205229)。

摘　　要：阻燃材料火灾危害评估是预防、管理和控制可燃聚合物材料火灾隐患的基础,同时也是选择适当阻燃体系并评价阻燃剂对聚合物综合影响的关键环节。从燃烧产物的角度分析了材料燃烧的特征,凝练出评估体系的热解行为、热量和CO_(2)释放、烟和毒性气体释放3个层面的准则。重点综述了单一维度材料火灾危害评估方法的研究进展,研究表明,需要集合火灾场景等才能获得具有逻辑意义的材料综合火灾危险评价。展望了阻燃材料的发展方向,阐释了材料火灾安全性评价的多属性决策过程的本质。讨论本质危害性权重分析过程并归纳了其发展趋势,即通过层次网络分析取代层次分析衡量元素之间更复杂的相互依赖关系和反馈,以减少传统方法的弱点和错误。进一步通过研究案例总结了材料火灾危害指标波动性和相关性的客观权重维度,并强调了指标数据的纯样归一化预处理方法对获得可解释性权重的重要作用。纳什均衡对权重的融合兼顾了主客观权重分析的优点,该体系有助于全面认知材料火灾危害的系统性和整体性特征。Fire hazard assessment of flame-retardant materials is fundamental for preventing,managing,and controlling potential fire risks of typical combustible polymer materials.It also serves as a crucial step in selecting appropriate flameretardant systems and evaluating the comprehensive impact of flame retardants on polymers.This paper analyzes material combustion characteristics from the perspective of combustion products,obtains three assessing aspects for the assessment system:pyrolysis behavior,heat and CO_(2)release,and smoke and toxic gas emissions.The study firstly reviews the research progress of un-dimensional methods for material fire hazard assessment,emphasizing the need to integrate various factors,such as fire scenarios,to obtain logically meaningful assessments of material fire hazards.The future direction of flameretardant materials is discussed,elucidating the essential nature of the multi-attributed decision-making process in material fire safety assessment.In considering the weighting process of intrinsic hazards,a trend is identified that analytic network process(ANP)favors over traditional analytic hierarchy process(AHP)due to its ability to capture more complex interdependencies and feedback between elements.The study further summarizes the variability and correlation of material fire hazard indicators through objective weighting dimensions,highlighting the significant role of pure sample normalization preprocessing method in obtaining interpretable weights.Nash fusion of weights is introduced to reconcile the advantages of both subjective and objective weights,contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the systemic and holistic nature of material fire hazards.

关 键 词：阻燃材料 火灾危害评估 波动性 相关性 层次网络分析 CRITIC 

分 类 号：TQ322[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] O69[理学—化学]