否定类型及与此相关的句法语义问题  

Types of Negation and Some Relevant Syntactic and Semantic Issues

作　　者：徐杰[1] 张帆 XU Jie;ZHANG Fan

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院中国语言文学系,中国澳门999078 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2024年第3期3-13,共11页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“生成语法的汉语研究与新时代汉语语法理论创新”(18ZDA291)经费的支持。

摘　　要：作为功能范畴的否定存在类型差异,否定可以划分出三种类型:句子否定、短语否定和构词否定。本文提出了较有操作性的句法语义特征标准,将三类否定明确区分开来,并演示了三类否定的确立能解释哪些语言现象,能处理此前哪些让人倍感困扰的难题。否定是一种属于全句的功能范畴,其否定范围正是它所依附的那个句子,其否定中心就是该句的焦点,不能另立中心。但是,这一论断只适用于句子否定,不适用于短语否定和构词否定。Negation,as a functional category,exhibits differences between types and can be classified into three types:sentence negation,phrase negation,and morpheme negation.This paper proposes a set of operational criteria of syntactic and semantic features that clearly distinguish said types of negation.Through demonstration,it elucidates how the classification of negation can account for various linguistic phenomena and resolve long-standing issues in Chinese grammar.Negation functions as a category at the sentence level,with its scope delimited by the sentence to which it attaches,and its focus aligned with the focus of the sentence itself.However,these generalizations apply solely to sentence negation and not to phrase or morpheme negations.

关 键 词：句子否定 短语否定 构词否定 否定范围 否定中心 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]