美国扣留放行令的贸易影响及中国应对  

The Trade Impact of the U.S.Withhold Release Order and China’s Response

作　　者：徐振毅 XU Zhenyi

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学,北京100875

出　　处：《国际商务研究》2024年第5期55-66,共12页International Business Research

摘　　要：扣留放行令作为美国打击强迫劳动产品的贸易执行工具,因其对强迫劳动的模糊认定以及证据出示的低透明度,导致其在实施过程中存在泛化适用以遏制竞争对手经济发展的现实风险。扣留放行令对中国企业的泛化实施不仅造成了中国产品出口量下降、企业声誉受损等消极影响,同时还破坏了国际供应链体系的稳定。为应对美国可能实施的强迫劳动制裁,中国政府应加强对强迫劳动制裁的风险监控;在受到美国制裁时,中国应进行适当的反制与谈判,同时拓宽受制裁产品的出口渠道,以消解美国制裁的不利影响。此外,企业宜加强产业供应链中的合规审查以降低受制裁的风险;在受到美国制裁时,企业宜通过行政层面的撤销申请以及司法层面的诉讼程序维护自身的合法权益。The Withhold Release Order is a U.S.trade enforcement tool against products made with forced labor,and poses risks due to its vague definitions of forced labor and low transparency in presenting evidence.This can lead to its broad application to suppress competitors’economic development.The widespread implementation of WROs on Chinese enterprises not only decreases export volumes and damages corporate reputations but also disrupts the stability of the global supply chain.To address potential forced labor sanctions from the U.S.,the Chinese government should enhance risk monitoring related to forced labor sanctions.When faced with U.S.sanctions,China should undertake appropriate countermeasures and negotiations while expanding export channels for sanctioned products to mitigate the adverse effects of U.S.sanctions.Additionally,enterprises should strengthen compliance reviews within their supply chains to reduce the risk of sanctions.If sanctioned by the U.S.,Chinese companies should protect their legitimate rights through administrative appeals and judicial litigation.

关 键 词：扣留放行令 强迫劳动 经济制裁 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]