脱脂辣木籽提取物成分分析及其对体外瘤胃发酵和细菌群落结构的影响  

Composition Analysis of Defatted Moringa oleifera Seed Extracts and Their Effects on Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community Structure in Vitro

作　　者：宗玉洁 程志强 孙善涛 武中秀 周晓洁 刘丽 吉慧敏 苏衍菁 林淼[1] ZONG Yujie;CHENG Zhiqiang;SUN Shantao;WU Zhongxiu;ZHOU Xiaojie;LIU Li;JI Huimin;SU Yanjing;LIN Miao(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China;Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Genetic Improvement in Southern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Bright Farming Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200436,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州225009 [2]光明牧业有限公司,农业农村部南方奶牛遗传改良重点实验室,上海200436

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第8期5152-5169,共18页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(SJCX23_1994);国家奶牛产业技术体系(CARS36);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(BE2022309)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究脱脂辣木籽提取物成分组成及其对体外瘤胃发酵和细菌群落结构的影响。试验采用脱脂辣木籽粉为试验材料,通过液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)法测定乙醇相和水相2种提取物的成分差异,并采用体外模拟瘤胃发酵技术,分别设置乙醇和水提取物的添加剂量为0(对照)、1.875、3.750和7.500 mg/kg(n=5),厌氧发酵72 h,测定其对体外瘤胃发酵发酵参数和菌群结构的影响。结果表明:1)脱脂辣木籽乙醇和水提取物的产率分别为12.66%和38.90%;与水提取物相比,乙醇提取物含有较高的类黄酮和异黄酮类化合物,但含有较低的苯类和酚类物质。2)与对照组相比,乙醇提取物添加组干物质降解率显著降低(P<0.05)。3)添加1.875和3.750 mg/kg乙醇提取物培养6 h后,各时间点产气量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);水提取物添加组各时间点产气量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,添加脱脂辣木籽乙醇提取物显著提高了发酵液乳酸含量(P<0.05);添加1.875和3.750 mg/kg乙醇提取物显著提高了发酵液丙酸比例(P<0.05),显著降低了发酵液异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸和己酸比例(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,添加脱脂辣木籽水提取物显著降低了发酵液pH和乙酸比例(P<0.05),显著提高了发酵液乳酸和总短链脂肪酸含量以及丙酸比例(P<0.05);添加1.875和3.750 mg/kg水提取物显著降低了发酵液氨态氮含量和戊酸比例(P<0.05),显著提高了发酵液异戊酸比例(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,添加1.875 mg/kg乙醇提取物显著降低了理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)、克里斯滕森菌科R-7群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)和毛螺菌科NK3A20群(Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group)相对丰度(P<0.05),显著提高了拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、埃希氏-志贺氏菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)相对丰度(P<0.05);而添加3.750 mg/kg水提取物添加显著提高了克里斯滕森菌科R-7This experiment was conducted to study the composition of defatted Moringa oleifera seed extracts and their effects on rumen fermentation and bacterial community structure in vitro.The defatted Moringa oleifera seed powder was used as the material,and the composition difference of two extracts in ethanol phase and water phase was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).Using a simulated rumen fermentation technique in vitro,the dosages of ethanol and water extracts were set as 0(control),1.875,3.750 and 7.500 mg/kg(n=5),respectively,and after anaerobic fermentation for 72 h,the effects of defatted Moringa oleifera seed extracts on the fermentation parameters and microflora structure of rumen fermentation in vitro were measured.The results showed as follows:1)the yield of ethanol and water extracts of defatted Moringa oleifera seeds was 12.66%and 38.90%,respectively;compared with the water extract,the ethanol extract contained higher contents of flavonoids and isoflavones,but had lower contents of benzenes and phenols.2)Compared with the control group,the dry matter degradability in ethanol extract supplemental group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).3)After adding 1.875 and 3.750 mg/kg ethanol extract for 6 h,the gas production at all time points was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);while the gas production in water extract supplemental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at all time points(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the supplementation of defatted Moringa oleifera seed ethanol extract significantly increased the lactic acid content in fermentation broth(P<0.05);the supplementation of 1.875 and 3.750 mg/kg ethanol extract significantly increased the propionate proportion in fermentation broth(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the proportions of isobutyrate,butyrate,isovalerate,valerate and caproate in fermentation broth(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the supplementation of defatted Moringa oleifera seed water extr

关 键 词：辣木籽提取物 瘤胃发酵 细菌群落 体外 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]