拉枝角度对惠民短枝红富士苹果光合特性、产量及品质的影响  

Influence of Pulling Angle on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of Huimin Short-branch Red Fuji Apples

作　　者：李光锋 胡焕平 LI Guangfeng;HU Huanping(State-owned Shawo Forest Farm in Huimin County,Binzhou Shandong 251700,China;Binzhou Bincheng District Forestry Technology Service Center,Binzhou Shandong 256600,China)

机构地区：[1]惠民县国有沙窝林场,山东滨州251700 [2]滨州市滨城区林业技术服务中心,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2024年第5期6-9,共4页Journal of Fruit Resources

摘　　要：【目的】确定适宜的拉枝角度,为惠民短枝红富士苹果高产优质管理和果农增产增收提供理论参考依据。【方法】以滨州市惠民县大年陈镇王西池村5年生惠民短枝红富士苹果树为试验材料,探究3种拉枝角度(60°、90°和120°)对果树叶片光合特性、产量及品质的影响。【结果】试验结果表明,随着拉枝角度的增加,惠民短枝红富士苹果单个枝条净光合速率逐渐增加,且不同拉枝角度处理间差异性显著,在拉枝角度为120°时净光合速率最大,同时还能显著降低单个枝条气孔导度和蒸腾速率,提升单个枝条光合速率;与拉枝角度为60°和90°时相比,拉枝角度为120°时惠民短枝红富士苹果单果质量、单株结果数和产量增幅分别为24.56%、19.75%、49.16%和9.68%、13.58%、24.57%。在拉枝角度为120°时总糖含量和总酚含量取得最大值,分别为127.36 mg/g和180.26μg/g;而有机酸含量则在拉枝角度为60°时取得最大值,为3.55 mg/g。【结论】在山东省滨州市惠民短枝红富士苹果种植中120°为最优拉枝角度。【Objective】The appropriate pulling angle was determined to provide a theoretical reference for the high-yield and high-quality management of Huiminshort-branch Red Fuji apple and the increase of fruit growers'planting and income.【Methods】In this study,the effects of three branching angles on the photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of the leaves of Huimin short-branch Red Fuji apples(60°,90°and 120°)were investigated using 5-year-old Huimin short-branch red Fuji apple trees in Dainian Chen Town,Huimin County,Binzhou City,China,with the aim of providing theoretical references to high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Huimin short-branch Red Fuji apples in Huimin,as well as to increase the yields and incomes of the growers.【Results】The results showed thatwith the increase of pulling angle,the net photosynthetic rate of individual branches of Huimin short-stalked Red Fuji apples increased gradually,and the difference between different pulling angles reached the significance level,and the net photosynthetic rate was the largest when the pulling angle was 120°,which also significantly reduced the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of individual branches,and increased the photosynthetic rate of individual branches.Compared with the pulling angle of 60°and 90°,the increases of single weight,number of fruiting and yield of Huimin short-branch Red Fuji apple at 120°were 24.56%,19.75%,49.16%and 9.68%,13.58%,24.57%,respectively.Total sugar content and total phenol content were maximized at 120°,127.36 mg/g and 180.26μg/g,respectively,and organic acid content was maximized at 60°,3.55 mg/g.【Conclusion】120°is the optimal angle of pulling in the cultivation of Huimin short-staple Red Fuji apples in Huimin area of Shandong Province.

关 键 词：苹果 拉枝角度 光合特性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]