考虑综合成本的常规公交客流分配方法  

A Method for Allocating Bus Passenger Flow by Considering Comprehensive Cost

作　　者：程国柱 李威骏 冯天军[2] CHENG Guozhu;LI Weijun;FENG Tianjun(School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;School of Transportation Science&Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学土木与交通学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]吉林建筑大学交通科学与工程学院,长春130118

出　　处：《交通信息与安全》2024年第2期166-174,共9页Journal of Transport Information and Safety

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1600900);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220402030GH)资助。

摘　　要：为改善常规公交客流数据传统调查方法效率低、准确性差,以及常规公交客流分配时对出行成本考虑不全面、个体间出行成本存在较大差距的缺点,开展了考虑综合成本的常规公交客流分配方法研究。以数据即服务为基础开发的手机信令数据平台作为常规公交客流分配数据来源。通过经纬度坐标匹配,得到用户与交通小区之间的空间关系。利用数据仓库工具筛取数据字典索引,界定时间、速度、起终点类型等数据参数,通过时间匹配、路径匹配进行交通方式识别,将用户比例外推扩样至全国人口,得到常驻居民早高峰常规公交通勤起讫点(origin-destination,OD)量。分析常规公交客流个体的出行时间成本、拥挤成本、票价成本,建立以个体利益最大为原则、考虑综合成本的常规公交客流分配模型。将交通小区间常规公交客流分配问题转换为有向赋权图路径选择问题,并采用深度优先搜索与连续平均法混合算法求解,进行常规公交出行方案筛选以及客流分配。选取哈尔滨市典型交通小区为案例,开展常规公交客流分配,并与传统Logit路径选择概率模型分配结果、人工调查结果对比分析。结果表明:模型分配结果与人工调查结果的平均绝对百分比误差为4%,Logit模型为17.5%。模型分配客流后个体出行成本极差、方差、总和分别为0.03,0.0001,1108.35,Logit模型分别为3.28,1.58,1127.02。验证了模型分配客流的准确性以及考虑综合成本的必要性,分配客流后个体出行成本差距更小,更符合利益最大原则。The inefficiencies and inaccuracies of traditional survey methods for bus passenger flow data need to be addressed.Moreover,bus passenger flow allocation methods are inadequate due to the incomplete consideration of travel cost and significant disparities in travel cost among individuals.Therefore,a study on a bus passenger flow al-location method that considers comprehensive cost is conducted.A mobile signaling data platform based on Da-ta-as-a-Service is developed as a source of data for bus passenger flow allocation.Spatial relationships between us-ers and traffic zones are determined by matching latitude and longitude coordinates.Using a data warehousing tool,data dictionary indexes are filtered to define parameters such as time,speed,and origin-destination types.Transpor-tation modes are identified through time matching and path matching.User proportions are extrapolated to the na-tional population to obtain the bus commuting origin-destination(OD)matrix during the morning peak period for permanent residents.Travel time cost,congestion cost,and fare cost for bus passengers are analyzed.A bus passen-ger flow allocation model is established based on the principle of maximizing individual benefits while considering comprehensive cost.The problem of bus passenger flow allocation between traffic zones is transformed into a direct-ed weighted graph path selection problem.A hybrid algorithm combining depth-first search and successive averages method is employed to solve this problem,facilitating bus travel plan selection and passenger flow allocation.Tak-ing typical traffic zones in Harbin as a case study,bus passenger flow allocation is conducted and compared with re-sults from the traditional Logit path selection probability model and manual surveys.The results show that the aver-age absolute percentage error between the proposed model and manual surveys is 4%,compared to 17.5%for the Logit model.After allocating passenger flows using the proposed model,the extreme difference,variance,and total sum of individual

关 键 词：交通工程 常规公交客流分配 综合成本 有向赋权图 深度优先搜索算法 连续平均法 

分 类 号：U491.17[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]