“同宪法相抵触”的标准:从宪法规范的区分切入  

The Standard of“Violating the Constitution”:From the Perspective of the Distinction of Constitutional Norms

作　　者：梁芷澄 Liang Zhicheng

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2024年第5期150-164,共15页Law and Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“国家治理现代化背景下保证宪法全面实施制度体系研究”(23ZDA074);国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(留金选〔2024〕54号)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国《宪法》第5条第3款“同宪法相抵触”是规范性文件合宪性审查的概括标准。不同类型的宪法规范保留给下位法的形成空间不尽相同,这意味着下位法“同宪法相抵触”的审查标准有待进一步细化。“相抵触”标准的细化应以宪法规范的类型区分为基础。根据宪法规范形式和内容的不同特征,可首先将其分为“授权规范”和“内容规范”。“授权规范”在实践中又表现出两种不同形态:“纯粹授权规范”和“法律保留规范”。“内容规范”从功能上可分为“适用性规范”与“形成性规范”。这四种不同类型的宪法规范赋予下位法的形成空间大小有别,可以宪法规范的类型分殊为框架,结合全国人大常委会的审查样态,尝试建构宽严相济的规范性文件合宪性审查标准体系。“Violating the Constitution”in Constitution Article 5 paragraph 3 is the generalized standard of the constitutional review of normative documents.Different types of constitutional norms reserve different space for the formation of law,which means that the examination standard of law“violating the Constitution”needs to be further refined.The refinement of“violating”criteria should be based on the classification of constitutional norms.According to the different characteristics of the form and content of constitutional norms,they can be divided into“authorization norm”and“content norm”.“Authorization norm”shows two different forms:“pure authorization norm”and“legal reservation norm”.“Content norm”can be divided into“applicability norm”and“formative norm”.These four different types of constitutional norms give different space to the formation of laws,so we should take the types of constitutional norms as the framework and combine with the review practice of the NPC Standing Committee to try to construct a standard system for the constitutional review.

关 键 词：合宪性审查 审查标准 层级结构 框架秩序 法律保留 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]