2024年初两次雨雪冰冻天气过程对公路通行影响的对比分析  

Comparative analysis of two rainfall/snowfall and freezing weather events impact on the highway in early 2024

作　　者：田华[1] 宋建洋[1] 郜婧婧 赵鲁强[1] 李坤玉 闫明月 TIAN Hua;SONG Jianyang;GAO Jingjing;ZHAO Luqiang;LI Kunyu;YAN Minyue(Public Meteorological Service Center of CMA,Beijing 100081;National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081;Highway Network Monitoring and Emergency Response Center of the Ministry of Transport,Beijing 100029)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局公共气象服务中心,北京100081 [2]国家气象中心,北京100081 [3]交通运输部路网监测与应急处置中心,北京100029

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2024年第4期490-498,共9页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：中国气象局能力提升联合研究专项(NLTSZ009)。

摘　　要：2024年1月31日-2月5日、2月18-25日我国先后出现两次大范围雨雪冰冻天气过程(分别简称0131"过程和"0218"过程),两次过程具有相态复杂、雨雪量大、影响范围广、持续时间长等特点。利用全国2430个国家气象站观测数据以及交通流量和公路阻断信息,对比分析了两次雨雪冰冻天气过程对公路通行的影响;同时,选取降雪量、冻雨、积雪深度、地面温度、地面结冰作为影响公路通行的气象指标,构建冰雪天气指数,探讨冰雪天气强度与公路通行影响的关系。结果表明:两次过程发生于春节前后人口流动高峰期,"0218"过程影响范围更广,造成交通流量的降低幅度总体高于"0131"过程;两次过程中陕西、山西、河南、湖北、湖南以及贵州6省公路通行受积雪或结冰影响严重,路段封闭段次多,但影响程度存在地区差异,其中山西、河南、湖北、湖南"0131"过程影响更重,陕西、贵州"0218"过程影响更重;两次过程中冰雪天气指数强度与公路阻断影响度的变化趋势一致,与交通流量变化率呈反比,反映出冰雪天气指数对于冰雪天气下的公路交通影响研判具有良好指示意义。In early 2024,from January 31 to February 5 and from February 18 to 25,two widespread rainfall/snowfall and freezing events weather occurred in China,hereinafter referred to as the"0131"and"0218"events.The two events were characterized by complex precipitation phases,large amounts of rainfall and snowfall,a wide range of influence,and long duration.Utilizing the observation data from 2430 national weather stations,as well as the traffic volume and highway block information,the impact characteristics of the two rainfall/snowfall and freezing weather events on highway traffic were compared and analyzed.In addition,the snowfall,freezing rain,snow depth,surface ground temperature,and surface ground ice were selected as the elemental indexes affecting highway traffic.Then an ice and snow weather index was constructed to explore the relationship between the intensity of ice and snow weather and the impact on highway traffic.The results indicate that the two weather events occurred during the peak periods of people traveling to their hometowns before the Spring Festival and returning after the festival.The"0218"event had a wider impact range,resulting in a higher overall reduction in traffic flow compared to the"0131"event.During the two events,the highway traffic in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Henan,Hubei,Hunan,and Guizhou was severely affected by snow accumulation or ice,with many road section closures.However,there were regional differences in the degree of impact.Specifically,the"0131"event had a stronger impact on Shanxi,Henan,Hubei,and Hunan.While the"0218"event had a more significant impact on Shaanxi and Guizhou.During the two events,the intensity of the ice and snow weather index was consistent with the trend of impact degree of road blockage,and inversely proportional to the rate of change in traffic volume,indicating that the ice and snow weather index has a good guiding significance for the assessment of the impact of rain and snow freezing weather on highway traffic.

关 键 词：雨雪冰冻天气 交通流量 路段封闭 天气指数 公路阻断信息 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]