欧洲多层次立宪主义:国内宪法、欧盟法律和《欧洲人权公约》之间的关系  

Multilevel Constitutionalism in Europe:The Relationship among National Constitutions,EU law and the ECHR

作　　者： 宋家乐(译) Georgio Katrougalos;SONG Jiale(Democritus University of Thrace,Greece;Graduate School,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]国际宪法学协会 [2]希腊色雷斯德谟克利特大学 [3]中国社会科学院大学(研究生院)

出　　处：《人权法学》2024年第4期92-108,154,155,共19页Journal of Human Rights Law

摘　　要：在“《欧洲人权公约》与国内宪法的决议”解释性备忘录中,欧洲委员会首次接受了“多层次立宪主义”这一概念,文章深入分析了欧洲“多层次立宪主义”的内涵,特别是国内宪法、欧盟法律和《欧洲人权公约》三者之间的相互关系,并指出了国内宪法秩序与《欧洲人权公约》互补性的重要性。尽管欧洲委员会承认多级立宪制下可能存在的法律秩序紧张关系,但任何解决策略都必须尊重国际法律义务,并维护欧洲人权法院的权威和信誉。文章进一步探讨了欧盟法律与《欧洲人权公约》之间的潜在冲突,并通过意大利塔里克(Taricco)案等司法对话案例,展示出这些冲突可以通过和平方式解决。此外,文章还讨论了国际人权条约与国内法律秩序之间的关系,尤其是在执行欧洲人权法院判决时的挑战。最后,文章提出通过司法对话和创新机制,如设立由国内法官参与的欧盟法院混合庭,来缓解不同法律秩序和法院间的紧张关系。这将有助于确保欧洲“多层次立宪主义”体系在尊重各国宪法和欧洲人权标准的同时,促进法治、民主原则以及成员国主权与国际义务之间的和谐协调,推动整个欧洲法律秩序的共同进步。In the Explanatory Memorandum on the Resolution on the European Convention on Human Rights and National Constitutions,the Council of Europe accepted for the first time the concept of“multilevel constitutionalism”.This paper profoundly analyses the meaning of“multilevel constitutionalism”in Europe,particularly the interrelationship among national constitutions,EU law and ECHR.In terms of their interrelationship,different domestic constitutional courts and supreme courts have taken different approaches to the ECHR,with some countries considering their constitutions to be superior to international human rights treaties.At the same time,ECHR has endeavored to uphold European Community law as embodied in the Convention.The paper points to the significance of complementarity between the domestic constitutional order and the ECHR and suggests ways to strengthen this complementarity through research into best practices and the development of institutional solutions to reduce friction.While the Council of Europe recognizes the tensions in the legal order in a multilevel constitutional system,any solution strategy must respect international legal obligations and preserve the authority and credibility of ECHR.The paper further explores potential conflicts between EU law and the ECHR and elaborates that these conflicts can be resolved peacefully through cases of judicial dialogue such as the Italian Taricco case.With the EU’s accession to the ECHR,the question of how to deal with disagreements between CJEU and ECHR judgments has become critical,and it is suggested that domestic courts adopt a similar analytical approach to that of the ECHR in order to maintain consistency in the interpretation and application of the law.Furthermore,the paper discusses the relationship between international human rights treaties and the domestic legal order,particularly the challenges in enforcing ECHR judgments.In some cases,domestic constitutional courts may need to adapt domestic law,adopt interpretative techniques,or even consid

关 键 词：多层次立宪主义 欧洲人权公约 国内宪法 欧洲人权法院 对话 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]