复合微生物菌剂对葡萄生长、品质及根际土壤环境的影响  

Effects of Compound Microbial Agent on the Growth,Quality and Rhizosphere Environment of Grape

作　　者：车建美[1] 赖恭梯 李思雨 郭奥琳 陈冰星 陈杏 刘波[1] 赖呈纯[2] CHE Jian-mei;LAI Gong-ti;LI Si-yu;GUO Ao-lin;CHEN Bing-xing;CHEN Xing;LIU Bo;LAI Cheng-chun(Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350002;Institute of Food Science and Technology,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350002)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福州350002 [2]福建省农业科学院农产品加工研究所,福州350002

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2024年第8期264-274,共11页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：福建省属公益项目(2021R1034001,2021R1032009);农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021019-ZYS02)。

摘　　要：【目的】葡萄是我国栽培广泛的五大果树品种之一,长期过量施用化肥,破坏微生物生态,从而影响葡萄产量和品质。探究不同来源菌株的复合微生物菌剂对改善葡萄果实品质的作用。【方法】采用复合微生物菌剂[短短芽胞杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)FJAT-0809-GLX、贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)FJAT-55034及短短芽胞杆菌(B.brevis)FJAT-10623]灌根,分析复合微生物菌剂对葡萄生长和果实品质及根际土壤酶活性、可培养芽胞杆菌多样性等的影响。【结果】复合微生物菌剂能够促进葡萄叶片生长,提高叶片的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量及POD和PPO活性。处理组葡萄幼果的叶绿素b含量、SOD和PPO活性分别比对照组提高了100%、11.77%和66.67%。施用复合微生物菌剂能够促进葡萄提早成熟及果实转色,提升果实品质,其中,单果重比对照高出29.06%,可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白分别比对照组提高了7.31%和94.74%,且处理组成熟果实的PPO酶活性显著高于对照组。此外,复合微生物菌剂能够显著提高土壤淀粉酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶、蔗糖酶活性及芽胞杆菌的种类和数量。相关性分析表明,辣椒芽胞杆菌(Bacillus zanthoxyli)和假蕈状芽胞杆菌(Bacillus pseudomycoides)可促进葡萄叶片生长及果实品质提升。【结论】复合微生物菌剂具有改良土壤、促进葡萄生长和提升果实品质的作用。【Objective】Grape is one of the five varieties of fruit trees widely cultivated in China.Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizer will destroy the microbial ecology,thus affecting the yield and quality of grapes.Compound microbial agent of different strains may be a more active and effective measure to improve the quality of grapes.【Method】The compound microbial agent(Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX,Bacillus velezensis FJAT-55034 and B.brevis FJAT-10623)were used to irrigate the roots,and the effects of the compound microbial agent on grape growth,fruit quality,rhizosphere soil enzymatic activity and diversity of culturable Bacillus were analyzed.【Result】The compound microbial agent promoted the growth of grape leaves,increased the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoid,and the activities of POD and PPO.The chlorophyll b content,SOD and PPO activities of young grape fruits in the treatment group was 100%,1.77%and 66.67%higher than that in the control group,respectively.The application of compound microbial agent promoted early ripening,fruit color transformation and quality of grapes.The single fruit weight was 29.06%higher than that of control group,and the soluble solid and soluble protein increased by 7.31%and 94.74%,respectively,compared with the control group.The PPO enzyme activity of ripe grape fruit in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group.In addition,the compound microbial agent significantly improved the activities of amylase,catalase,cellulase,sucrase,and the number and species of Bacillus in grape rhizosphere soil.Correlation analysis showed that Bacillus zanthoxyli and Bacillus pseudomycoides promoted grape leaf growth and fruit quality.【Conclusion】The compound microbial agent may improve soil,promote grape growth and increase fruit quality.

关 键 词：复合微生物 短短芽孢杆菌 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 葡萄 品质 土壤 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]