《中华人民共和国无障碍环境建设法》的特色和创新  

The Characteristics and Innovation of the Accessible Environment Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：孙计领 SUN Jiling(School of Mathematics and Information Science,Nanjing Normal University of Special Education,Chinese Academy of Disability Data Sciences,Nanjing,210038)

机构地区：[1]南京特殊教育师范学院数学与信息科学学院,南京210038 [2]中国残疾人数据科学研究院,南京210038

出　　处：《现代特殊教育》2024年第16期18-26,共9页Modern Special Education

基　　金：中国助残志愿者协会研究课题“无障碍环境建设条例上升为法律的现实意义、理念进步和制度创新”;2020年度高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“江苏残疾人融合发展水平测度及对策研究”(2020SJZDA131)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：2023年9月1日,《中华人民共和国无障碍环境建设法》开始施行。该法在立法理念、调整范围、立法内容、制度创新和法律效力五个方面体现出鲜明的特色和创新。具体而言,立法理念方面,明确无障碍环境保障残疾人和老年人的基本定位,突出惠及全体的重要理念,符合客观发展规律。调整范围显著扩大,调整部门多、对象多、场景多、行为多,满足无障碍环境建设需要。立法内容方面,坚持党的领导,推动全社会共建共治共享;坚持人民至上,更加注重权益保护;坚持系统观念,整体性推进无障碍环境建设;坚持从实际出发,尽力而为、量力而行;坚持问题导向,提出有针对性的解决措施,内容更加丰富和完善。制度创新方面,国家意志更加明确,保障措施更加有力,监督体系更加严密。法律效力显著增强,强制性条款较多,合理设置软法性条款,法律责任综合全面。On September lst,2023,the Accessible Environment Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China was implemented.Law has distinctive features and innovations in five aspects of legislative concept,adjustment scope,legislative content,institutional innovation and legal effect.Specifically,the legislative concept clarifies the basic positioning of accessible environment to protect the persons with disabilities and the elderly,highlights the important concept of benefiting all,and conforms to the objective development law.The scope of adjustment has been significantly expanded,with many sectors,objects,scenarios and behaviors adjusted to meet the needs of accessible environment construction.The legislative content adheres to the leadership of the CPC Party and promotes the joint construction,co-governance and sharing of the whole society;adheres to the supremacy of the people and pays more attention to the protection of rights and interests;adheres to the concept of system and promotes the construction of an accessible environment in a holistic manner;adheres to the principle of starting from the actual situation and doing the best within the limits of its capacity;adheres to the problem-oriented principle and takes targeted measures for solving problems and enriching the content.In terms of institutional innovation,the national will has become clearer,the safeguards more powerful,and the supervision system more rigorous.The effectiveness of the law has been significantly enhanced,with more mandatory provisions,a reasonable setting of soft-law provisions,and comprehensive legal responsibilities.

关 键 词：无障碍环境 残疾人 适老化 通用设计 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]