栽培措施对张家川工业大麻安全性及籽粒品质的影响  

Effects of Cultivation Measures on Security and Seed Quality of Industrial Hemp in Zhangjiachuan

作　　者：赵浩含 马智峰 赵国良[3] 康红梅 朱爱国[1] 陈继康[1] ZHAO Haohan;MA Zhifeng;ZHAO Guoliang;KANG Hongmei;ZHU Aiguo;CHEN Jikang(Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biological and Processing for Bast Fiber Crops,MARA,Changsha 410221,Hunan,China;Economic Crop Station of Zhangjiachuan Hui Autonomous County,Tianshui 741599,Gansu,China;Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Tianshui 741099,Gansu,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Shanxi Agriculture University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所/农业农村部麻类生物学与加工重点实验室,湖南长沙410221 [2]张家川回族自治县经济作物工作指导站,甘肃天水741599 [3]天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃天水741099 [4]山西农业大学经济作物研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2024年第4期237-241,共5页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家麻类产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-16);甘肃省技术创新引导计划“张家川工业大麻提质增效关键技术研发与集成示范”(22CX8NE213)。

摘　　要：工业大麻是甘肃张家川等地重要的特色作物,但品种退化严重阻碍了该区域工业大麻产业的高质量发展;前期研究对张家川地方品种“张川大麻”进行了提纯复壮,但栽培调控对其安全性及籽粒品质特征的影响还不明确;为此,研究以提纯复壮的“张川大麻”为研究对象,设置种植密度、施肥制度和覆盖方式三因素正交试验,对该品种花叶四氢大麻酚(THC)及大麻二酚(CBD)含量、籽粒蛋白质及油脂含量与产量进行测试;研究发现:提纯复壮显著降低了“张川大麻”的THC含量,且栽培措施对THC含量的影响较小,其生产安全性显著提高;栽培措施对籽粒蛋白质和油脂含量没有显著影响,但施肥方式对单位面积耕地的总产量有显著的影响;为获得较高的投入回报率,建议张家川工业大麻的适宜栽培措施为种植密度45.00×10^(4)plant/hm^(2),配合m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)为70.5∶15∶9。Industrial hemp is an important economic crop in Zhangjiachuan,Gansu Province.How-ever,the high-quality development of the industry is restricted by the variety degradation.We obtained the rejuvenated plants of the local variety,Zhangchuan Hemp in previous study.In order to identify the security and seed quality of the rejuvenated crop,an orthogonal test with plant density,fertilization regime and mulching methods was conducted.The THC and CBD content of inflorescence and leaves and the content and yield of seed protein and oil were measured.The results showed that:the THC content was reduced by rejuvenating of the variety and cultivation measures had a little effects on the THC con-tent,which implied that the security of the rejuvenated variety was significantly improved.Although the cultivation measures were also had little effects on the protein and oil content of hempseed,the yields were obviously affected by fertilization regime.To achieve a higher return on investment,45.00×10^(4) plant/hm^(2) of plant density with 70.5-15-9 kg/hm^(2)of N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O application rate was suggested for industrial hemp cultivation in Zhangjiachuan.

关 键 词：工业大麻 栽培措施 张家川 四氢大麻酚 籽粒 

分 类 号：S563.3[农业科学—作物学]