肛瘘源流考辨  

Origin Identification of Anal Fistula

作　　者：孙兴伟 卜瑜 李媛媛 沙静涛 王昆 曹凯 佘军军[2] SUN Xingwei;BU Yu;LI Yuanyuan;SHA Jingtao;WANG Kun;CAO Kai;SHE Junjun(Xi'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Xi'an 710021,China;First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061,China;Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Shaanxi Xianyang 712046,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市中医医院,陕西西安710021 [2]西安交通大学第一附属医院,陕西西安710061 [3]陕西中医药大学,陕西咸阳712046

出　　处：《现代中医药》2024年第5期20-26,共7页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022SF-369);西安市卫生健康委员会中医药科研项目(SZL202105)。

摘　　要：目的探讨瘘与漏在肛肠疾病中的源流。方法通过检索《中华医典》和人工翻阅相关图书,收集整理含有痔瘘(漏)病名文献,根据其年代对肛瘘病名发展源流进行考辨。结果共收集含痔瘘(漏)病名相关古籍条目758条,涉及古籍书目106部。其中先秦两汉时期,瘘多指颈部之瘘,漏多指妇人漏下,痔瘘未连,漏瘘未混;隋唐时期,瘘也指肛门部之瘘,出现了瘘漏混用和痔瘘(漏)连用;宋金元时期,痔瘘(漏)有了广义和狭义之别,出现了较多的痔瘘(漏)专论,明清时期,痔漏之名已成为主流,痔漏(瘘)专篇大量出现。结论结合瘘和漏在现代医学中的应用区别和瘘(漏)在肛肠病中的源流,认为中医把肛门部的瘘(漏)病统一称为“肛瘘”更合适,这不仅有利于医学发展,更有助于医学的传承与传播。Objective To explore the origins of fistula and leakage in colorectal diseases.Methods By searching Zhong Hua Yi Dian and manually flipping through relevant books,collecting and organizing literature containing the names of hemorrhoids and fistulas(leakage)diseases,and examining the development and origin of anal fistula disease names based on their age.Results A total of 758 ancient book entries related to the names of hemorrhoids and fistulas were collected,involving 106 ancient book titles.During the pre Qin and Han dynasties,fistulas often referred to fistulas in the neck,leaks often referred to women leaking,hemorrhoids and fistulas were not connected,and leaks were not mixed;During the Sui and Tang dynasties,fistula also referred to anal fistula,and there were cases of mixed use of fistula leakage and hemorrhoid fistula(leakage);During the Song,Jin,and Yuan dynasties,there was a distinction between broad and narrow definitions of hemorrhoids and fistula(leakage),and there were many specialized studies on hemorrhoids and fistula(leakage).During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the term“hemorrhoid leakage”had become mainstream,with a large number of specialized articles on hemorrhoid leakage(fistula)appearing.Conclusion Combining the differences in the application of fistula and leakage in modern medicine and the origins of fistula(leakage)in colorectal diseases.It is believed that in traditional Chinese medicine,it is more appropriate to refer to anal fistula as“anal fistula”,which is not only beneficial for the development of medicine,but also for the inheritance and dissemination of medicine.

关 键 词：痔瘘 痔漏 肛肠 病名 源流 

分 类 号：R266[医药卫生—中医外科学]